--- title: To tell them apart, look at the snout and the teeth: an alligator ha… — Crocodiles and alligators · tree and pragmatics description: To tell them apart, look at the snout and the teeth: an alligator has a wide U-shaped snout and its lower teeth hide when it shuts its mouth, while a crocodile has a narrower V-shaped snout and a big lower tooth still sticks out. Who acts: you, alligator, lower teeth, log. A sentence of the lesson « --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/29-crocodiles-and-alligators/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Crocodiles and alligators](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/29-crocodiles-and-alligators/) / 2 # Crocodiles and alligators, sentence 2 To tell them apart, look at the snout and the teeth: an alligator has a wide U-shaped snout and its lower teeth hide when it shuts its mouth, while a crocodile has a narrower V-shaped snout and a big lower tooth still sticks out. **Who acts:** you, alligator, lower teeth, log, crocodile, big lower tooth · **What happens:** tell, look, have, hide, shut, stick out · **To what, where:** Crocodiles, wide U shaped snout, mouth, narrower shaped snout · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Crocodiles and alligators» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, alligator, lower teeth, log), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:029-crocodiles-and-alligators.lesson:2 # text = To tell them apart, look at the snout and the teeth: an alligator has a wide U-shaped snout and its lower teeth hide when it shuts its mouth, while a crocodile has a narrower V-shaped snout and a big lower tooth still sticks out. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 029-crocodiles-and-alligators.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 To to PART TO _ 2 mark _ _ 2 tell tell VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 advcl _ _ 3 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 iobj _ _ 4 apart apart ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 6 look look VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 at at ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 snout snout NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 teeth tooth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 conj _ _ 13 : : PUNCT : _ 16 punct _ _ 14 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 alligator alligator NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ _ 16 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 18 wide wide ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=22:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 19 U U PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 compound _ _ 20 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 19 punct _ _ 21 shaped shaped ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 snout snout NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 24 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ _ 25 lower low ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 26 amod _ _ 26 teeth tooth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ _ 27 hide hide VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ _ 28 when when SCONJ WRB _ 30 mark _ _ 29 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nsubj _ _ 30 shuts shut VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 advcl _ _ 31 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ _ 32 mouth mouth NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obj _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 34 while while SCONJ IN _ 37 mark _ _ 35 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 crocodile crocodile NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 nsubj _ _ 37 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=16:parataxis 38 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 39 narrower narrow ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 43 amod _ _ 40 V v X NN _ 39 goeswith _ _ 41 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 40 punct _ _ 42 shaped shaped ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 43 amod _ _ 43 snout snout NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obj _ _ 44 and and CCONJ CC _ 50 cc _ _ 45 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 48 det _ _ 46 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 48 amod _ _ 47 lower low ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 48 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=48:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 48 tooth tooth NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 nsubj _ _ 49 still still ADV RB _ 50 advmod _ _ 50 sticks stick VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 37 conj _ _ 51 out out ADP RP _ 50 compound:prt _ _ 52 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=2:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed form=imp, act=request | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | | Crocodiles *= crocodile* | | | apart *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient | | 2 | **look** | imperative | you *not said here* | | | | | at the snout and the teeth | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at snout=Theme | | 3 | **have** | present | a alligator | a wide U shaped snout | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent snout=Patient | | 4 | **hide** | present | log's lower teeth | | | | | | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **shut** | present | log | log's mouth | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent mouth=Patient | | 6 | **have** | present | a crocodile | a narrower shaped snout | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent snout=Patient | | 7 | **stick out** | present | a big lower tooth | | | | still | | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:029-crocodiles-and-alligators.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Crocodiles and alligators, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/29-crocodiles-and-alligators/1/) - next →: [Crocodiles and alligators, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/29-crocodiles-and-alligators/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/29-crocodiles-and-alligators/)