--- title: A saltwater crocodile has one of the strongest bites ever measured,… — Crocodiles and alligators · tree and pragmatics description: A saltwater crocodile has one of the strongest bites ever measured, but the muscles that open the jaws are weak, so experts can hold a small one's mouth shut with tape. Who acts: saltwater crocodile, muscles, experts. A sentence of the lesson «Crocodiles and alligators» of the biology course of Mova --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/29-crocodiles-and-alligators/6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Crocodiles and alligators](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/29-crocodiles-and-alligators/) / 6 # Crocodiles and alligators, sentence 6 A saltwater crocodile has one of the strongest bites ever measured, but the muscles that open the jaws are weak, so experts can hold a small one's mouth shut with tape. **Who acts:** saltwater crocodile, muscles, experts · **What happens:** have, measure, open, be, hold · **To what, where:** one, strongest bites, jaws, mouth This is a sentence of the lesson «Crocodiles and alligators» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (saltwater crocodile, muscles, experts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:029-crocodiles-and-alligators.lesson:6 # text = A saltwater crocodile has one of the strongest bites ever measured, but the muscles that open the jaws are weak, so experts can hold a small one's mouth shut with tape. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 029-crocodiles-and-alligators.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 saltwater saltwater NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 crocodile crocodile NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 4 obj _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 strongest strong ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 9 amod _ _ 9 bites bite NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _ 10 ever ever ADV RB PronType=Ind 11 advmod _ _ 11 measured measure VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 acl _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 13 but but CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 muscles muscle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ _ 16 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 17 nsubj _ _ 17 open open VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 acl:relcl _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 jaws jaw NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obj _ _ 20 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 cop _ _ 21 weak weak ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:xcomp 22 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 23 so so SCONJ IN _ 26 mark _ _ 24 experts expert NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nsubj _ _ 25 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 26 aux _ _ 26 hold hold VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 21 parataxis _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 28 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 one one NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nmod:poss _ _ 30 's 's PART POS _ 29 case _ _ 31 mouth mouth NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obj _ _ 32 shut shut ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 xcomp _ _ 33 with with ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 tape tape NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | a saltwater crocodile | one of the strongest bites | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient | | 2 | **measure** | participle | | the strongest bites *not said here* | | | ever | | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **open** | present | the muscles | the jaws | | | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location jaw=Theme | | 4 | **is** | present | the muscles | | | | | weak *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **hold** | can | experts | a small one's mouth | | | | shut *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mouth=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:029-crocodiles-and-alligators.lesson:6`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Crocodiles and alligators, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/29-crocodiles-and-alligators/5/) - next →: [Crocodiles and alligators, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/29-crocodiles-and-alligators/7/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/29-crocodiles-and-alligators/)