--- title: The red food colour carmine is made from crushed cochineal bugs that… — Insects as food in other countries · tree and pragmatics description: The red food colour carmine is made from crushed cochineal bugs that live on cactus, and it is used in sweets, yoghurt and lipstick; the Aztecs used it to dye cloth. Who acts: crushed cochineal bugs, Aztecs. A sentence of the lesson «Insects as food in other countries» of the biology course of Mova' --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/290-insects-as-food-in-other-countries/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Insects as food in other countries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/290-insects-as-food-in-other-countries/) / 12 # Insects as food in other countries, sentence 12 The red food colour carmine is made from crushed cochineal bugs that live on cactus, and it is used in sweets, yoghurt and lipstick; the Aztecs used it to dye cloth. **Who acts:** crushed cochineal bugs, Aztecs · **What happens:** make, crush, live, use, dye · **To what, where:** red colour carmine, crushed cochineal bugs, cactus, carmine, sweets, cloth This is a sentence of the lesson «Insects as food in other countries» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (crushed cochineal bugs, Aztecs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:290-insects-as-food-in-other-countries.lesson:12 # text = The red food colour carmine is made from crushed cochineal bugs that live on cactus, and it is used in sweets, yoghurt and lipstick; the Aztecs used it to dye cloth. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 290-insects-as-food-in-other-countries.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 2 red red ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 3 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 4 colour colour NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 carmine carmine NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj:pass _ _ 6 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 aux:pass _ _ 7 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 8 from from ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 9 crushed crush VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 11 amod _ _ 10 cochineal cochineal NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 compound _ _ 11 bugs bug NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obl _ _ 12 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 13 nsubj _ _ 13 live live VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 acl:relcl _ _ 14 on on ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 cactus cactus NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 18 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj:pass _ _ 19 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 aux:pass _ _ 20 used use VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 7 conj _ _ 21 in in ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 sweets sweet NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obl _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 24 yoghurt yoghurt NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 conj _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 26 lipstick lipstick NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=24:conj 27 ; ; PUNCT : _ 30 punct _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 Aztecs Aztec PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 30 nsubj _ _ 30 used use VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:conj 31 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 obj _ _ 32 to to PART TO _ 33 mark _ _ 33 dye dye VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 30 xcomp _ _ 34 cloth cloth NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obj _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **make** | present · passive | | the red colour carmine | | crushed cochineal bugs | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from bug=Material | | 2 | **crush** | participle | | | | | | | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **live** | present | crushed cochineal bugs | | | cactus | | | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on cactus=Location | | 4 | **use** | present · passive | | carmine | | sweets and yoghurt and lipstick | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 5 | **use** | past | the Aztecs | carmine | | | | | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent it=Theme clause=Eventuality | | 6 | **dye** | to-infinitive | the Aztecs *not said here* | cloth | | | | | vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cloth=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:290-insects-as-food-in-other-countries.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Insects as food in other countries, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/290-insects-as-food-in-other-countries/11/) - next →: [Insects as food in other countries, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/290-insects-as-food-in-other-countries/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/290-insects-as-food-in-other-countries/)