--- title: All cattle come from the aurochs, a huge wild ox with long horns dra… — Horses, cattle, camels and chickens: how people… · tree and pragmatics description: All cattle come from the aurochs, a huge wild ox with long horns drawn in cave paintings; it was tamed about 10,000 years ago, and the last one died in a Polish forest in 1627. Who acts: cattle, last one. A sentence of the lesson «Horses, cattle, camels and chickens: how people tamed animals» of the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/293-horses-cattle-camels-and-chickens-how-people-tamed-animals/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Horses, cattle, camels and chickens: h…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/293-horses-cattle-camels-and-chickens-how-people-tamed-animals/) / 11 # Horses, cattle, camels and chickens: how people tamed animals, sentence 11 All cattle come from the aurochs, a huge wild ox with long horns drawn in cave paintings; it was tamed about 10,000 years ago, and the last one died in a Polish forest in 1627. **Who acts:** cattle, last one · **What happens:** come, draw, tame, die · **To what, where:** aurochs, long horns, cave paintings, ox This is a sentence of the lesson «Horses, cattle, camels and chickens: how people tamed animals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cattle, last one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:293-horses-cattle-camels-and-chickens-how-people-tamed-animals.lesson:11 # text = All cattle come from the aurochs, a huge wild ox with long horns drawn in cave paintings; it was tamed about 10,000 years ago, and the last one died in a Polish forest in 1627. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 293-horses-cattle-camels-and-chickens-how-people-tamed-animals.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 All all DET DT PronType=Tot 2 det _ _ 2 cattle cattle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 come come VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 from from ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 aurochs aurochs NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:obl|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 7 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 9 huge huge ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 10 wild wild ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 ox ox NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 appos _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:conj 12 with with ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 horns horn NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nmod _ _ 15 drawn draw VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 14 acl _ _ 16 in in ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 cave cave NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 compound _ _ 18 paintings painting NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obl _ _ 19 ; ; PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 20 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj:pass _ _ 21 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 22 aux:pass _ _ 22 tamed tame VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:advcl 23 about about ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 24 10,000 10000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 25 nummod _ _ 25 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obl:unmarked _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=22:obl:unmarked 26 ago ago ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=25:advmod 27 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 30 last last ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 one one NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ _ 32 died die VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 22 conj _ _ 33 in in ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 34 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 35 Polish polish ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=36:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 36 forest forest NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 37 in in ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 1627 1627 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 32 obl _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | present | all cattle | | | the aurochs | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from aurochs=Initial\_Location | | 2 | **draw** | participle | | long horns *not said here* | | cave paintings | | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in painting=Destination | | 3 | **tame** | past · passive | | ox | | | | ago *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | | 4 | **die** | past | the last one | | | | | in 1627; in a Polish forest | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in forest=Attribute | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:293-horses-cattle-camels-and-chickens-how-people-tamed-animals.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Horses, cattle, camels and chickens: h…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/293-horses-cattle-camels-and-chickens-how-people-tamed-animals/10/) - next →: [Horses, cattle, camels and chickens: h…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/293-horses-cattle-camels-and-chickens-how-people-tamed-animals/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/293-horses-cattle-camels-and-chickens-how-people-tamed-animals/)