--- title: Horses carried soldiers for thousands of years, millions died in the… — Horses, cattle, camels and chickens: how people… · tree and pragmatics description: Horses carried soldiers for thousands of years, millions died in the First World War, and a memorial in London remembers animals in war, including dogs and pigeons that carried messages. Who acts: Horses, millions, memorial, dogs. A sentence of the lesson «Horses, cattle, camels and chickens: how pe --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/293-horses-cattle-camels-and-chickens-how-people-tamed-animals/18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Horses, cattle, camels and chickens: h…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/293-horses-cattle-camels-and-chickens-how-people-tamed-animals/) / 18 # Horses, cattle, camels and chickens: how people tamed animals, sentence 18 Horses carried soldiers for thousands of years, millions died in the First World War, and a memorial in London remembers animals in war, including dogs and pigeons that carried messages. **Who acts:** Horses, millions, memorial, dogs · **What happens:** carry, die, remember · **To what, where:** soldiers, animals, war, messages This is a sentence of the lesson «Horses, cattle, camels and chickens: how people tamed animals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Horses, millions, memorial, dogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:293-horses-cattle-camels-and-chickens-how-people-tamed-animals.lesson:18 # text = Horses carried soldiers for thousands of years, millions died in the First World War, and a memorial in London remembers animals in war, including dogs and pigeons that carried messages. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 293-horses-cattle-camels-and-chickens-how-people-tamed-animals.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×3 1 Horses horse NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 carried carry VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 conj _ _ 3 soldiers soldier NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 4 for for ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 thousands thousand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=3:punct 9 millions million NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ _ 10 died die VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 11 in in ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 13 First First PROPN NNP Number=Sing|NumForm=Word 15 amod _ _ 14 World World PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 compound _ _ 15 War War PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 obl _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=19:punct 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=10:cc 18 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 memorial memorial NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 20 in in ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 London London PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 nmod _ _ 22 remembers remember VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 conj _ _ 23 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obj _ _ 24 in in ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 war war NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nmod _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 27 including include ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 dogs dog NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 conj _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=28:cc 30 pigeons pigeon NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 conj _ _ 31 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 32 nsubj _ _ 32 carried carry VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 28 acl:relcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=30:acl:relcl 33 messages message NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 obj _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=10:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **carry** | past | Horses | soldiers | | | | for thousands of years | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soldier=Theme | | 2 | **die** | past | millions | | | | | in the First World War | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in war=Attribute | | 3 | **remember** | present | a memorial in London | animals and dogs and pigeons | | war | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent animal=Theme | | 4 | **carry** | past | dogs and pigeons | messages | | | | | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent message=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:293-horses-cattle-camels-and-chickens-how-people-tamed-animals.lesson:18`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Horses, cattle, camels and chickens: h…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/293-horses-cattle-camels-and-chickens-how-people-tamed-animals/16/) - next →: [Horses, cattle, camels and chickens: h…, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/293-horses-cattle-camels-and-chickens-how-people-tamed-animals/19/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/293-horses-cattle-camels-and-chickens-how-people-tamed-animals/)