--- title: No bat is blind; fruit bats see well, and many small bats also find… — Animal myths put right: elephants and mice, lemm… · tree and pragmatics description: No bat is blind; fruit bats see well, and many small bats also find insects in the dark by listening to the echoes of their own calls, which is called echolocation. Who acts: bat, fruit bats, many small bats, lemmings. A sentence of the lesson «Animal myths put right: elephants and mice, lemmings, o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/295-animal-myths-put-right-elephants-and-mice-lemmings-ostriches-and-goldfish/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Animal myths put right: elephants and…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/295-animal-myths-put-right-elephants-and-mice-lemmings-ostriches-and-goldfish/) / 9 # Animal myths put right: elephants and mice, lemmings, ostriches and goldfish, sentence 9 No bat is blind; fruit bats see well, and many small bats also find insects in the dark by listening to the echoes of their own calls, which is called echolocation. **Who acts:** bat, fruit bats, many small bats, lemmings · **What happens:** be, see, find, listen, call · **To what, where:** insects, dark, own calls · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Animal myths put right: elephants and mice, lemmings, ostriches and goldfish» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bat, fruit bats, many small bats, lemmings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:295-animal-myths-put-right-elephants-and-mice-lemmings-ostriches-and-goldfish.lesson:9 # text = No bat is blind; fruit bats see well, and many small bats also find insects in the dark by listening to the echoes of their own calls, which is called echolocation. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 295-animal-myths-put-right-elephants-and-mice-lemmings-ostriches-and-goldfish.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 No no DET DT PronType=Neg 2 det _ _ 2 bat bat NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 4 blind blind ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 5 ; ; PUNCT : _ 8 punct _ _ 6 fruit fruit NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 bats bat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ _ 8 see see VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 9 well well ADV RB Degree=Pos 8 advmod _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=17:punct 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 12 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 13 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 bats bat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ _ 15 also also ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 16 find find VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=8:conj 17 insects insect NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obj _ _ 18 in in ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 dark dark NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=16:obl|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 21 by by SCONJ IN _ 22 mark _ _ 22 listening listen VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 16 advcl _ _ 23 to to ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 echoes echo NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obl _ _ 26 of of ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 27 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 29 nmod:poss _ _ 28 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 calls call NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nmod _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 31 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 33 nsubj:pass _ _ 32 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 33 aux:pass _ _ 33 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 29 acl:relcl _ _ 34 echolocation echolocation NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 xcomp _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | no bat | | | | | blind *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **see** | present | fruit bats | | | | | well *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 3 | **find** | present | many small bats | insects | | the dark | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Topic | | 4 | **listen** | gerund | many small bats *not said here* | | | | | to the echoes of lemmings's own calls | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to echo=Theme | | 5 | **call** | present · passive | | lemmings's own calls | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | | 6 | **call** | | lemmings *= lemming* | | | | | | nom call «communication transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:295-animal-myths-put-right-elephants-and-mice-lemmings-ostriches-and-goldfish.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Animal myths put right: elephants and…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/295-animal-myths-put-right-elephants-and-mice-lemmings-ostriches-and-goldfish/7/) - next →: [Animal myths put right: elephants and…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/295-animal-myths-put-right-elephants-and-mice-lemmings-ostriches-and-goldfish/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/295-animal-myths-put-right-elephants-and-mice-lemmings-ostriches-and-goldfish/)