--- title: Since 2020 a small group of orcas near Spain and Portugal has been r… — Animals in the news: true stories, fakes and how… · tree and pragmatics description: Since 2020 a small group of orcas near Spain and Portugal has been reported pushing and biting the rudders of sailing boats; scientists are not sure if it is play, a fashion in the group or something else, and no person has been hurt by them. Who acts: scientists, group. A sentence of the lesson «An --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/296-animals-in-the-news-true-stories-fakes-and-how-to-read-them/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Animals in the news: true stories, fak…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/296-animals-in-the-news-true-stories-fakes-and-how-to-read-them/) / 10 # Animals in the news: true stories, fakes and how to read them, sentence 10 Since 2020 a small group of orcas near Spain and Portugal has been reported pushing and biting the rudders of sailing boats; scientists are not sure if it is play, a fashion in the group or something else, and no person has been hurt by them. **Who acts:** scientists, group · **What happens:** report, push, bite, not be, be, hurt · **To what, where:** small group, rudders, play, person This is a sentence of the lesson «Animals in the news: true stories, fakes and how to read them» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (scientists, group), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:296-animals-in-the-news-true-stories-fakes-and-how-to-read-them.lesson:10 # text = Since 2020 a small group of orcas near Spain and Portugal has been reported pushing and biting the rudders of sailing boats; scientists are not sure if it is play, a fashion in the group or something else, and no person has been hurt by them. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 296-animals-in-the-news-true-stories-fakes-and-how-to-read-them.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Since since ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 2020 2020 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 14 obl _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 group group NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj:pass _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 orcas orca NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _ 8 near near ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 Spain Spain PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 11 Portugal Portugal PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 conj _ _ 12 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 aux _ _ 13 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 14 aux:pass _ _ 14 reported report VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 15 pushing push VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 14 xcomp _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 biting bite VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 15 conj _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 rudders rudder NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obj _ _ 20 of of ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 sailing sailing NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 compound _ _ 22 boats boat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nmod _ _ 23 ; ; PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=14:punct 24 scientists scientist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ _ 25 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 cop _ _ 26 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 27 advmod _ _ 27 sure sure ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=14:conj 28 if if SCONJ IN _ 31 mark _ _ 29 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ _ 30 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 cop _ _ 31 play play NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 ccomp _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 33 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 fashion fashion NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 conj _ _ 35 in in ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 group group NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nmod _ _ 38 or or CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 39 something something PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 34 conj _ _ 40 else else ADV RB _ 39 advmod _ _ 41 , , PUNCT , _ 47 punct _ _ 42 and and CCONJ CC _ 47 cc _ _ 43 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 44 det _ _ 44 person person NOUN NN Number=Sing 47 nsubj:pass _ _ 45 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 47 aux _ _ 46 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 47 aux:pass _ _ 47 hurt hurt VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 27 conj _ _ 48 by by ADP IN _ 49 case _ _ 49 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 47 obl:agent _ _ 50 . . PUNCT . _ 14 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **report** | present · perfect · passive | | a small group of orcas near Spain and Portugal | | | since 2020 | | vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: subject=Theme clause=Attribute | | 2 | **push** | gerund | | | | | | | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **bite** | gerund | | the rudders of sailing boats | | | | | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rudder=Patient | | 4 | **not** **is** | present | scientists | | | | | sure *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **is a** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | group | play and a fashion in the group | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **hurt** | present · perfect · passive | scientists *= scientist* | no person | | | | | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer subject=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:296-animals-in-the-news-true-stories-fakes-and-how-to-read-them.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Animals in the news: true stories, fak…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/296-animals-in-the-news-true-stories-fakes-and-how-to-read-them/9/) - next →: [Animals in the news: true stories, fak…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/296-animals-in-the-news-true-stories-fakes-and-how-to-read-them/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/296-animals-in-the-news-true-stories-fakes-and-how-to-read-them/)