--- title: A news story is like a friend at school saying «you'll never believe… — Animals in the news: true stories, fakes and how… · tree and pragmatics description: A news story is like a friend at school saying «you'll never believe what I saw»: it might be true, but you ask where they saw it, when, and whether anyone else saw it too. Who acts: news story, friend, you, school. A sentence of the lesson «Animals in the news: true stories, fakes and how to read t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/296-animals-in-the-news-true-stories-fakes-and-how-to-read-them/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Animals in the news: true stories, fak…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/296-animals-in-the-news-true-stories-fakes-and-how-to-read-them/) / 2 # Animals in the news: true stories, fakes and how to read them, sentence 2 A news story is like a friend at school saying «you'll never believe what I saw»: it might be true, but you ask where they saw it, when, and whether anyone else saw it too. **Who acts:** news story, friend, you, school, stories, anyone · **What happens:** be, say, not believe, see, ask · **To what, where:** school · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Animals in the news: true stories, fakes and how to read them» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (news story, friend, you, school), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:296-animals-in-the-news-true-stories-fakes-and-how-to-read-them.lesson:2 # text = A news story is like a friend at school saying «you'll never believe what I saw»: it might be true, but you ask where they saw it, when, and whether anyone else saw it too. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 296-animals-in-the-news-true-stories-fakes-and-how-to-read-them.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 news news NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 story story NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 4 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 5 like like ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 friend friend NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 8 at at ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 school school NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 10 saying say VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 7 acl _ _ 11 « « PUNCT `` _ 15 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=15:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:,:_ 12 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ _ 13 'll will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 15 aux _ _ 14 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 15 advmod _ _ 15 believe believe VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 10 ccomp _ _ 16 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 18 obj _ _ 17 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 18 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 ccomp _ _ 19 » » PUNCT '' _ 15 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=15:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:,:_ 20 : : PUNCT : _ 24 punct _ _ 21 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ _ 22 might might AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 24 aux _ _ 23 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 24 cop _ _ 24 true true ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 parataxis _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 26 but but CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 27 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 28 ask ask VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 advcl _ _ 29 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 31 advmod _ _ 30 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ _ 31 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 28 ccomp _ _ 32 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obj _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=31:punct 34 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 31 advmod _ _ 35 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 40 cc _ _ 37 whether whether SCONJ IN _ 40 mark _ _ 38 anyone anyone PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 40 nsubj _ _ 39 else else ADV RB _ 38 advmod _ _ 40 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 31 conj _ _ 41 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 obj _ _ 42 too too ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ _ 43 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: evaluate - voice: character - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | a news story | | | school | | like a friend | tree rules | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | a friend *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **not** **believe** *in a quote* | future | you | | | | | | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 4 | **see** *in a quote* | past | a friend *= friend* | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus | | 5 | **is** | might | school | | | | | true *property* | tree rules | | 6 | **ask** *speech: ask* | present | you | | | | | | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 7 | **see** | past | stories *= story* | school | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | | 8 | **see** | past | anyone | school | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:296-animals-in-the-news-true-stories-fakes-and-how-to-read-them.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Animals in the news: true stories, fak…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/296-animals-in-the-news-true-stories-fakes-and-how-to-read-them/1/) - next →: [Animals in the news: true stories, fak…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/296-animals-in-the-news-true-stories-fakes-and-how-to-read-them/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/296-animals-in-the-news-true-stories-fakes-and-how-to-read-them/)