--- title: Germs are living things far too small to see without a microscope, s… — The big biology quiz, part 2: plants, the body a… · tree and pragmatics description: Germs are living things far too small to see without a microscope, such as bacteria, or viruses, that can make us ill; washing hands with soap removes many germs, and most bacteria are harmless or helpful, like those in your gut. Who acts: Germs, viruses, washing, most bacteria. A sentence of the le --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/299-the-big-biology-quiz-part-2-plants-the-body-and-microbes/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The big biology quiz, part 2: plants,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/299-the-big-biology-quiz-part-2-plants-the-body-and-microbes/) / 10 # The big biology quiz, part 2: plants, the body and microbes, sentence 10 Germs are living things far too small to see without a microscope, such as bacteria, or viruses, that can make us ill; washing hands with soap removes many germs, and most bacteria are harmless or helpful, like those in your gut. **Who acts:** Germs, viruses, washing, most bacteria · **What happens:** live, see, make, wash, remove, be · **To what, where:** things, us, hands, many germs This is a sentence of the lesson «The big biology quiz, part 2: plants, the body and microbes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Germs, viruses, washing, most bacteria), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:299-the-big-biology-quiz-part-2-plants-the-body-and-microbes.lesson:10 # text = Germs are living things far too small to see without a microscope, such as bacteria, or viruses, that can make us ill; washing hands with soap removes many germs, and most bacteria are harmless or helpful, like those in your gut. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 299-the-big-biology-quiz-part-2-plants-the-body-and-microbes.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Germs germ NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux _ _ 3 living live VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 4 things thing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 5 far far ADV RB Degree=Pos 7 advmod _ _ 6 too too ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ 7 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 8 to to PART TO _ 9 mark _ _ 9 see see VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 advcl _ _ 10 without without ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 microscope microscope NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 14 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP 16 case _ _ 15 as as ADP IN _ 14 fixed _ _ 16 bacteria bacteria NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 conj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 18 or or CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 19 viruses virus NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:conj 20 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 21 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 23 nsubj _ _ 22 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 23 aux _ _ 23 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 19 acl:relcl _ _ 24 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 23 obj _ _ 25 ill ill ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 xcomp _ _ 26 ; ; PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 27 washing wash VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 31 csubj _ _ 28 hands hand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obj _ _ 29 with with ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 soap soap NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nmod _ _ 31 removes remove VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 32 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ _ 33 germs germ NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obj _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=37:punct 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 36 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 37 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=37:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RBS:Degree=Sup 37 bacteria bacterium NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=39:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 38 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 39 cop _ _ 39 harmless harmless ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 conj _ _ 40 or or CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 41 helpful helpful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 39 conj _ _ 42 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 43 like like ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 44 those that PRON DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 39 obl _ _ 45 in in ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 46 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 47 nmod:poss _ _ 47 gut gut NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 nmod _ _ 48 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **live** | present · progressive | Germs | things | | | | | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme thing=Location | | 2 | **see** | to-infinitive | Germs *not said here* | | | | | without a microscope and bacteria or viruses | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 3 | **make** | can | viruses | us | | | | ill *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset we=Product | | 4 | **wash** | gerund | | hands | | | | with soap | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent hand=Patient with soap=Instrument | | 5 | **remove** | present | washing | many germs | | | | | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Theme | | 6 | **is** | present | most bacteria | | | | | like those; harmless *property* | tree rules | | 7 | **be** | | most bacteria *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:299-the-big-biology-quiz-part-2-plants-the-body-and-microbes.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The big biology quiz, part 2: plants,…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/299-the-big-biology-quiz-part-2-plants-the-body-and-microbes/9/) - next →: [The big biology quiz, part 2: plants,…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/299-the-big-biology-quiz-part-2-plants-the-body-and-microbes/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/299-the-big-biology-quiz-part-2-plants-the-body-and-microbes/)