--- title: A vaccine shows the body a harmless copy or part of a germ, so the b… — The big biology quiz, part 2: plants, the body a… · tree and pragmatics description: A vaccine shows the body a harmless copy or part of a germ, so the body learns to fight it and is ready if the real germ comes; vaccines wiped out smallpox and have saved hundreds of millions of lives. Who acts: vaccine, body, real germ, vaccines. A sentence of the lesson «The big biology quiz, part --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/299-the-big-biology-quiz-part-2-plants-the-body-and-microbes/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The big biology quiz, part 2: plants,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/299-the-big-biology-quiz-part-2-plants-the-body-and-microbes/) / 12 # The big biology quiz, part 2: plants, the body and microbes, sentence 12 A vaccine shows the body a harmless copy or part of a germ, so the body learns to fight it and is ready if the real germ comes; vaccines wiped out smallpox and have saved hundreds of millions of lives. **Who acts:** vaccine, body, real germ, vaccines · **What happens:** show, learn, fight, be, come, wipe out · **To what, where:** harmless copy, body, smallpox, hundreds This is a sentence of the lesson «The big biology quiz, part 2: plants, the body and microbes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (vaccine, body, real germ, vaccines), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:299-the-big-biology-quiz-part-2-plants-the-body-and-microbes.lesson:12 # text = A vaccine shows the body a harmless copy or part of a germ, so the body learns to fight it and is ready if the real germ comes; vaccines wiped out smallpox and have saved hundreds of millions of lives. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 299-the-big-biology-quiz-part-2-plants-the-body-and-microbes.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 vaccine vaccine NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 shows show VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 body body NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 iobj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:obj 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 7 harmless harmless ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 copy copy NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 9 or or CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 part part NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 conj _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 germ germ NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nmod _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 15 so so ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 body body NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ _ 18 learns learn VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 19 to to PART TO _ 20 mark _ _ 20 fight fight VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 xcomp _ _ 21 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obj _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 23 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 cop _ _ 24 ready ready ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 conj _ _ 25 if if SCONJ IN _ 29 mark _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 27 real real ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 germ germ NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 nsubj _ _ 29 comes come VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 advcl _ _ 30 ; ; PUNCT : _ 31 punct _ _ 31 vaccines vaccine NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 nsubj _ _ 32 wiped wipe VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 33 out out ADP RP _ 32 compound:prt _ _ 34 smallpox smallpox NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obj _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 36 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 37 aux _ _ 37 saved save VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 32 conj _ _ 38 hundreds hundred NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 obj _ _ 39 of of ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 40 millions million NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 nmod _ _ 41 of of ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 42 lives life NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 nmod _ _ 43 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **show** | present | a vaccine | a harmless copy or part of a germ | the body | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent body=Recipient copy=Topic | | 2 | **learn** | present | the body | | | | | | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **fight** | to-infinitive | the body *not said here* | body | | | | | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Co-Agent | | 4 | **is** | present | the body *not said here* | | | | | ready *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **come** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | the real germ | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **wipe out** | past | vaccines | smallpox | | | | | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent smallpox=Source | | 7 | **save** | present · perfect | vaccines *not said here* | hundreds of millions of lives | | | | | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hundred=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:299-the-big-biology-quiz-part-2-plants-the-body-and-microbes.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The big biology quiz, part 2: plants,…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/299-the-big-biology-quiz-part-2-plants-the-body-and-microbes/11/) - next →: [The big biology quiz, part 2: plants,…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/299-the-big-biology-quiz-part-2-plants-the-body-and-microbes/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/299-the-big-biology-quiz-part-2-plants-the-body-and-microbes/)