---
title: It is so dark at midday that a camera needs a torch, and because so… — The rainforest from below: understorey and fores… · tree and pragmatics
description: It is so dark at midday that a camera needs a torch, and because so little light gets through, the floor is often surprisingly easy to walk across, except where a giant tree has fallen and let the sun in. Who acts: cent, camera, little light, floor. A sentence of the lesson «The rainforest from belo
---

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# The rainforest from below: understorey and forest floor, sentence 1

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is so dark at midday that a camera needs a torch, and because so little light gets through, the floor is often surprisingly easy to walk across, except where a giant tree has fallen and let the sun in.

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**Who acts:** cent, camera, little light, floor, giant tree · **What happens:** be, need, get through, walk, fall, let in · **To what, where:** midday, torch, sun

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This is a sentence of the lesson «The rainforest from below: understorey and forest floor» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cent, camera, little light, floor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:003-the-rainforest-from-below.lesson:1
# text = It is so dark at midday that a camera needs a torch, and because so little light gets through, the floor is often surprisingly easy to walk across, except where a giant tree has fallen and let the sun in.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 003-the-rainforest-from-below.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	so	so	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	midday	midday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	camera	camera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	torch	torch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
15	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
16	so	so	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
19	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	advcl	_	_
20	through	through	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
24	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
25	often	often	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
26	surprisingly	surprisingly	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	easy	easy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
28	to	to	PART	TO	_	29	mark	_	_
29	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	xcomp	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=27:advcl
30	across	across	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
32	except	except	ADP	IN	_	38	mark	_	_
33	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	38	advmod	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nsubj	_	_
37	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	38	aux	_	_
38	fallen	fall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	parataxis	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
40	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	38	conj	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obj	_	_
43	in	in	ADP	RP	_	40	compound:prt	_	_
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | cent |  |  | midday |  | dark *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **need** | present | a camera | a torch |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot torch=Theme |
| 3 | **get through** | present | little light |  |  |  |  | through *property* | vn cope-83-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | present | the floor |  |  |  |  | easy, often, surprisingly *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **walk** | to-infinitive | the floor *not said here* |  |  |  |  | across *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **fall** | present · perfect | a giant tree |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **let in** | infinitive | a giant tree *not said here* | the sun |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sun=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:003-the-rainforest-from-below.lesson:1`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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