--- title: Tapirs are shy plant-eaters with a short flexible snout that grabs l… — The rainforest from below: understorey and fores… · tree and pragmatics description: Tapirs are shy plant-eaters with a short flexible snout that grabs leaves and can work as a snorkel; their closest relatives are horses and rhinos, not pigs. Who acts: Tapirs, short flexible snout, closest relatives. A sentence of the lesson «The rainforest from below: understorey and forest floor» --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/3-the-rainforest-from-below/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The rainforest from below: understorey…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/3-the-rainforest-from-below/) / 10 # The rainforest from below: understorey and forest floor, sentence 10 Tapirs are shy plant-eaters with a short flexible snout that grabs leaves and can work as a snorkel; their closest relatives are horses and rhinos, not pigs. **Who acts:** Tapirs, short flexible snout, closest relatives · **What happens:** be, grab, work · **To what, where:** shy plant eaters, leaves, horses This is a sentence of the lesson «The rainforest from below: understorey and forest floor» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tapirs, short flexible snout, closest relatives), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:003-the-rainforest-from-below.lesson:10 # text = Tapirs are shy plant-eaters with a short flexible snout that grabs leaves and can work as a snorkel; their closest relatives are horses and rhinos, not pigs. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 003-the-rainforest-from-below.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Tapirs tapir NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 3 shy shy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 4 plant plant NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 5 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 4 punct _ _ 6 eaters eater NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 7 with with ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 9 short short ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 10 flexible flexible ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 snout snout NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 12 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 13 nsubj _ _ 13 grabs grab VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 acl:relcl _ _ 14 leaves leaf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obj _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 16 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 17 aux _ _ 17 work work VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 13 conj _ _ 18 as as ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 snorkel snorkel NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 21 ; ; PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 22 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ _ 23 closest close ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 24 amod _ _ 24 relatives relative NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nsubj _ _ 25 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 cop _ _ 26 horses horse NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 parataxis _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 28 rhinos rhino NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 conj _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 30 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 31 advmod _ _ 31 pigs pig NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 conj _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Tapirs | shy plant eaters | | | | with a short flexible snout | tree rules | | 2 | **grab** | present | a short flexible snout | leaves | | | | | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme | | 3 | **work** | can | a short flexible snout *not said here* | | | | | as a snorkel | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.attribute PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent as snorkel=Attribute | | 4 | **is a** | present | Tapirs's closest relatives | horses and rhinos and pigs | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:003-the-rainforest-from-below.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The rainforest from below: understorey…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/3-the-rainforest-from-below/9/) - next →: [The rainforest from below: understorey…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/3-the-rainforest-from-below/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/3-the-rainforest-from-below/)