---
title: On the warm, wet floor fungi, bacteria, termites and worms break dea… — The rainforest from below: understorey and fores… · tree and pragmatics
description: On the warm, wet floor fungi, bacteria, termites and worms break dead leaves down in weeks, and the trees take the nutrients straight back, which is why cleared rainforest land often becomes poor within a few years of farming. Who acts: trees, cleared rainforest land. A sentence of the lesson «The r
---

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# The rainforest from below: understorey and forest floor, sentence 12

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On the warm, wet floor fungi, bacteria, termites and worms break dead leaves down in weeks, and the trees take the nutrients straight back, which is why cleared rainforest land often becomes poor within a few years of farming.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** trees, cleared rainforest land · **What happens:** break down, take, be, clear, become · **To what, where:** dead leaves, warm wet floor fungi, nutrients

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «The rainforest from below: understorey and forest floor» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (trees, cleared rainforest land), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:003-the-rainforest-from-below.lesson:12
# text = On the warm, wet floor fungi, bacteria, termites and worms break dead leaves down in weeks, and the trees take the nutrients straight back, which is why cleared rainforest land often becomes poor within a few years of farming.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 003-the-rainforest-from-below.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
3	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	fungi	fungi	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=14:obl|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	bacteria	bacteria	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=7:punct
11	termites	termite	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=14:nsubj
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	worms	worm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
14	break	break	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
17	down	down	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=17:obl
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nsubj	_	_
24	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	nutrients	nutrient	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obj	_	_
27	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
28	back	back	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
30	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	32	nsubj	_	_
31	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
32	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	24	advmod	_	_
33	cleared	clear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	35	amod	_	_
34	rainforest	rainforest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	compound	_	_
35	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nsubj	_	_
36	often	often	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	_
37	becomes	become	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	advcl:relcl	_	_
38	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	xcomp	_	_
39	within	within	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
40	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
41	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	42	amod	_	_
42	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	obl	_	_
43	of	of	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
44	farming	farming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	nmod	_	_
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break down** | present |  | dead leaves |  | the warm wet floor fungi and bacteria and termites and worms | week | down *property* | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient |
| 2 | **take** | present | the trees | the nutrients |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nutrient=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | why *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **clear** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn clear-10.3-1 «NP.Source V»: agent=Source |
| 5 | **become** | present | cleared rainforest land |  |  |  |  | often, poor *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:003-the-rainforest-from-below.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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