--- title: Jaguars rest in trees, swim well and hunt capybaras, caimans, turtle… — The rainforest from below: understorey and fores… · tree and pragmatics description: Jaguars rest in trees, swim well and hunt capybaras, caimans, turtles and fish; they are the only big cats in the Americas and have the strongest bite for their size of any big cat. Who acts: Jaguars, trees. A sentence of the lesson «The rainforest from below: understorey and forest floor» of the bi --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/3-the-rainforest-from-below/6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The rainforest from below: understorey…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/3-the-rainforest-from-below/) / 6 # The rainforest from below: understorey and forest floor, sentence 6 Jaguars rest in trees, swim well and hunt capybaras, caimans, turtles and fish; they are the only big cats in the Americas and have the strongest bite for their size of any big cat. **Who acts:** Jaguars, trees · **What happens:** rest, swim, hunt, be, have · **To what, where:** trees, capybaras, only big cats, Americas, strongest bite This is a sentence of the lesson «The rainforest from below: understorey and forest floor» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jaguars, trees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:003-the-rainforest-from-below.lesson:6 # text = Jaguars rest in trees, swim well and hunt capybaras, caimans, turtles and fish; they are the only big cats in the Americas and have the strongest bite for their size of any big cat. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 003-the-rainforest-from-below.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Jaguars jaguar PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=2:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 2 rest rest VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 in in ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 trees tree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 6 swim swim VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 7 well well ADV RB Degree=Pos 6 advmod _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 hunt hunt VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=6:conj 10 capybaras capybara NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obj _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 12 caimans caiman NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 conj _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 14 turtles turtle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 conj _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 fish fish NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 conj _ _ 17 ; ; PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 18 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nsubj _ _ 19 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 cop _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 21 only only ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 22 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 cats cat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 parataxis _ _ 24 in in ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 Americas Americas PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 23 nmod _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 28 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 conj _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 30 strongest strong ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 31 amod _ _ 31 bite bite NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obj _ _ 32 for for ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ _ 34 size size NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=28:obl 35 of of ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 36 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 38 det _ _ 37 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 amod _ _ 38 cat cat NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nmod _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **rest** | present | Jaguars | | | trees | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent in tree=Location | | 2 | **swim** | present | Jaguars *not said here* | | | | | well *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **hunt** | present | Jaguars *not said here* | capybaras and caimans and turtles and fish | | | | | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent capybara=Theme | | 4 | **is a** | present | trees *= tree* | the only big cats | | the Americas | | | tree rules | | 5 | **have** | present | trees *= tree* *not said here* | the strongest bite | | | | for trees's size of any big cat | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bite=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:003-the-rainforest-from-below.lesson:6`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The rainforest from below: understorey…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/3-the-rainforest-from-below/5/) - next →: [The rainforest from below: understorey…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/3-the-rainforest-from-below/7/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/3-the-rainforest-from-below/)