--- title: Poison dart frogs warn predators with bright colours, and their pois… — The rainforest from below: understorey and fores… · tree and pragmatics description: Poison dart frogs warn predators with bright colours, and their poison comes mainly from the ants and mites they eat, so zoo-raised frogs fed on fruit flies are not poisonous. Who acts: Poison dart frogs, poison, ants, raised frogs. A sentence of the lesson «The rainforest from below: understorey an --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/3-the-rainforest-from-below/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The rainforest from below: understorey…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/3-the-rainforest-from-below/) / 8 # The rainforest from below: understorey and forest floor, sentence 8 Poison dart frogs warn predators with bright colours, and their poison comes mainly from the ants and mites they eat, so zoo-raised frogs fed on fruit flies are not poisonous. **Who acts:** Poison dart frogs, poison, ants, raised frogs · **What happens:** warn, come, eat, raise, feed, not be · **To what, where:** predators, ants, raised frogs This is a sentence of the lesson «The rainforest from below: understorey and forest floor» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Poison dart frogs, poison, ants, raised frogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:003-the-rainforest-from-below.lesson:8 # text = Poison dart frogs warn predators with bright colours, and their poison comes mainly from the ants and mites they eat, so zoo-raised frogs fed on fruit flies are not poisonous. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 003-the-rainforest-from-below.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Poison poison NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 2 dart dart NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 frogs frog NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 4 warn warn VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 predators predator NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 6 with with ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 bright bright ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 colours colour NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 11 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ _ 12 poison poison NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ _ 13 comes come VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 14 mainly mainly ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 15 from from ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 ants ant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obl _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 19 mites mite NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 conj _ _ 20 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ _ 21 eat eat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 acl:relcl _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 23 so so ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 24 zoo zoo NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 compound _ _ 25 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 24 punct _ _ 26 raised raise VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 27 amod _ _ 27 frogs frog NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 nsubj _ _ 28 fed feed VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 27 acl _ _ 29 on on ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 fruit fruit NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 compound _ _ 31 flies fly NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 obl _ _ 32 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 cop _ _ 33 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 34 advmod _ _ 34 poisonous poisonous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 conj _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **warn** *speech: warn* | present | Poison dart frogs | predators | | | | with bright colours | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent predator=Recipient | | 2 | **come** | present | frogs's poison | | | the ants and mites | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from ant=Initial\_Location | | 3 | **eat** | present | ants *= ant* | the ants and mites *not said here* | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ant=Patient | | 4 | **raise** | participle | | | | | | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **feed** | participle | | raised frogs *not said here* | | | | on fruit flies | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent on fly=Patient | | 6 | **not** **is** | present | raised frogs | | | | | poisonous *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:003-the-rainforest-from-below.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The rainforest from below: understorey…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/3-the-rainforest-from-below/7/) - next →: [The rainforest from below: understorey…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/3-the-rainforest-from-below/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/3-the-rainforest-from-below/)