--- title: Snakes and lizards are reptiles with dry scaly skin; a lizard usuall… — Snakes and lizards · tree and pragmatics description: Snakes and lizards are reptiles with dry scaly skin; a lizard usually has four legs, while a snake has none and slides by pushing the sides of its body against bumps on the ground, its belly scales gripping like the tread on a trainer. Who acts: Snakes, lizard, snake, belly scales. A sentence of the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/30-snakes-and-lizards/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Snakes and lizards](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/30-snakes-and-lizards/) / 0 # Snakes and lizards, sentence 0 Snakes and lizards are reptiles with dry scaly skin; a lizard usually has four legs, while a snake has none and slides by pushing the sides of its body against bumps on the ground, its belly scales gripping like the tread on a trainer. **Who acts:** Snakes, lizard, snake, belly scales · **What happens:** be, have, slide, push, grip · **To what, where:** reptiles, four legs, none, sides, bumps This is a sentence of the lesson «Snakes and lizards» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Snakes, lizard, snake, belly scales), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:030-snakes-and-lizards.lesson:0 # text = Snakes and lizards are reptiles with dry scaly skin; a lizard usually has four legs, while a snake has none and slides by pushing the sides of its body against bumps on the ground, its belly scales gripping like the tread on a trainer. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 030-snakes-and-lizards.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3 1 Snakes snake NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 2 and and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 3 lizards lizard NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 conj _ _ 4 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 5 reptiles reptile NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 6 with with ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 dry dry ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 8 scaly scaly ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 10 ; ; PUNCT : _ 14 punct _ _ 11 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 lizard lizard NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 13 usually usually ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 14 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 15 four four NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 16 nummod _ _ 16 legs leg NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 18 while while SCONJ IN _ 21 mark _ _ 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 snake snake NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ _ 21 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 advcl _ _ 22 none none PRON NN PronType=Neg 21 obj _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 24 slides slide VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 conj _ _ 25 by by SCONJ IN _ 26 mark _ _ 26 pushing push VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 24 advcl _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 sides side NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obj _ _ 29 of of ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ _ 31 body body NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nmod _ _ 32 against against ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 bumps bump NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obl _ _ 34 on on ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nmod _ _ 37 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 38 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 40 nmod:poss _ _ 39 belly belly NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 compound _ _ 40 scales scale NOUN NNS Number=Plur 41 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=33:conj 41 gripping grip VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 26 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=40:acl 42 like like ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 43 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 44 tread tread NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 obl _ _ 45 on on ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 46 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 47 det _ _ 47 trainer trainer NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=41:obl 48 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Snakes and lizards | reptiles | | | | with dry scaly skin | tree rules | | 2 | **have** | present | a lizard | four legs | | | | usually *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Patient | | 3 | **have** | present | a snake | none | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent none=Patient | | 4 | **slide** | present | a snake *not said here* | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **push** | gerund | a snake *not said here* | the sides of skin's body | | bumps on the ground | | | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent side=Theme against bump=Trajectory | | 6 | **grip** | gerund | ground's belly scales | | | | | like the tread on a trainer | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:030-snakes-and-lizards.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Crocodiles and alligators, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/29-crocodiles-and-alligators/18/) - next →: [Snakes and lizards, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/30-snakes-and-lizards/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/30-snakes-and-lizards/)