--- title: A fossil is the remains or traces of a living thing kept in rock, su… — The big biology quiz, part 3: dinosaurs, evoluti… · tree and pragmatics description: A fossil is the remains or traces of a living thing kept in rock, such as bones, shells, footprints or even dung, and most fossils formed under water. Who acts: fossil, most fossils. A sentence of the lesson «The big biology quiz, part 3: dinosaurs, evolution, conservation and food» of the biology c --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/300-the-big-biology-quiz-part-3-dinosaurs-evolution-conservation-and-food/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The big biology quiz, part 3: dinosaur…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/300-the-big-biology-quiz-part-3-dinosaurs-evolution-conservation-and-food/) / 14 # The big biology quiz, part 3: dinosaurs, evolution, conservation and food, sentence 14 A fossil is the remains or traces of a living thing kept in rock, such as bones, shells, footprints or even dung, and most fossils formed under water. **Who acts:** fossil, most fossils · **What happens:** be, live, keep, form · **To what, where:** remains, living thing, rock, water This is a sentence of the lesson «The big biology quiz, part 3: dinosaurs, evolution, conservation and food» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fossil, most fossils), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:300-the-big-biology-quiz-part-3-dinosaurs-evolution-conservation-and-food.lesson:14 # text = A fossil is the remains or traces of a living thing kept in rock, such as bones, shells, footprints or even dung, and most fossils formed under water. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 300-the-big-biology-quiz-part-3-dinosaurs-evolution-conservation-and-food.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 fossil fossil NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 remains remains NOUN NNS Number=Ptan 0 root _ _ 6 or or CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 traces trace NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 conj _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 10 living live VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 11 amod _ _ 11 thing thing NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:nmod 12 kept keep VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 11 acl _ _ 13 in in ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 rock rock NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 16 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP 18 case _ _ 17 as as ADP IN _ 16 fixed _ _ 18 bones bone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 appos _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 20 shells shell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 conj _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 22 footprints footprint NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 conj _ _ 23 or or CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 24 even even ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 25 dung dung NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 conj _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 28 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 29 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=29:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RBS:Degree=Sup 29 fossils fossil NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 nsubj _ _ 30 formed form VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 31 under under ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obl _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | a fossil | the remains or traces | | | | of a living thing | tree rules | | 2 | **live** | gerund | | | | | | | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **keep** | participle | | a living thing *not said here* | | rock | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in rock=Location | | 4 | **form** | past | most fossils | | | water | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under water=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:300-the-big-biology-quiz-part-3-dinosaurs-evolution-conservation-and-food.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The big biology quiz, part 3: dinosaur…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/300-the-big-biology-quiz-part-3-dinosaurs-evolution-conservation-and-food/13/) - next →: [The big biology quiz, part 3: dinosaur…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/300-the-big-biology-quiz-part-3-dinosaurs-evolution-conservation-and-food/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/300-the-big-biology-quiz-part-3-dinosaurs-evolution-conservation-and-food/)