---
title: Owls have four toes on each foot, and the outer toe can swing forwar… — Owls of the world: barn owls, eagle owls, elf ow… · tree and pragmatics
description: Owls have four toes on each foot, and the outer toe can swing forward or back, so two can point forward and two back in an X-shaped grip; the osprey can do the same trick. Who acts: Owls, outer toe, two, osprey. A sentence of the lesson «Owls of the world: barn owls, eagle owls, elf owls and burrowi
---

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# Owls of the world: barn owls, eagle owls, elf owls and burrowing owls, sentence 16

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Owls have four toes on each foot, and the outer toe can swing forward or back, so two can point forward and two back in an X-shaped grip; the osprey can do the same trick.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Owls, outer toe, two, osprey · **What happens:** have, swing, point, shape, do · **To what, where:** four toes, foot, same trick

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Owls of the world: barn owls, eagle owls, elf owls and burrowing owls» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Owls, outer toe, two, osprey), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:301-owls-of-the-world-barn-owls-eagle-owls-elf-owls-and-burrowing-owls.lesson:16
# text = Owls have four toes on each foot, and the outer toe can swing forward or back, so two can point forward and two back in an X-shaped grip; the osprey can do the same trick.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 301-owls-of-the-world-barn-owls-eagle-owls-elf-owls-and-burrowing-owls.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Owls	owl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	toes	toe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	outer	outer	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	toe	toe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	swing	swing	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
15	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	back	back	ADV	RB	_	15	conj	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	so	so	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
20	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	22	nsubj	_	_
21	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	point	point	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	parataxis	_	_
23	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	22	conj	_	_
26	back	back	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
28	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
29	X	x	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	compound	_	_
30	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	29	punct	_	_
31	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	32	amod	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=32:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos
32	grip	grip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
33	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	37	punct	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	osprey	osprey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	nsubj	_	_
36	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
37	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	conj	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
39	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	amod	_	_
40	trick	trick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obj	_	_
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Owls | four toes |  | each foot |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toe=Patient |
| 2 | **swing** | can | the outer toe |  |  |  |  | forward *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 3 | **point** | can | two |  |  |  |  | forward *property* | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **shape** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 5 | **do** | can | the osprey | the same trick |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trick=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:301-owls-of-the-world-barn-owls-eagle-owls-elf-owls-and-burrowing-owls.lesson:16`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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