--- title: A parrot uses its beak like a third foot for climbing; its upper bea… — Parrots of the world: macaws, cockatoos, African… · tree and pragmatics description: A parrot uses its beak like a third foot for climbing; its upper beak is hinged to the skull, and its thick muscular tongue helps it handle food and shape sounds. Who acts: parrot, third foot, thick muscular tongue. A sentence of the lesson «Parrots of the world: macaws, cockatoos, African greys, lo --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/303-parrots-of-the-world-macaws-cockatoos-african-greys-lorikeets-and-the-cheeky-kea/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Parrots of the world: macaws, cockatoo…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/303-parrots-of-the-world-macaws-cockatoos-african-greys-lorikeets-and-the-cheeky-kea/) / 17 # Parrots of the world: macaws, cockatoos, African greys, lorikeets and the cheeky kea, sentence 17 A parrot uses its beak like a third foot for climbing; its upper beak is hinged to the skull, and its thick muscular tongue helps it handle food and shape sounds. **Who acts:** parrot, third foot, thick muscular tongue · **What happens:** use, climb, hinge, help, handle · **To what, where:** beak, upper beak, parrot, food This is a sentence of the lesson «Parrots of the world: macaws, cockatoos, African greys, lorikeets and the cheeky kea» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (parrot, third foot, thick muscular tongue), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:303-parrots-of-the-world-macaws-cockatoos-african-greys-lorikeets-and-the-cheeky-kea.lesson:17 # text = A parrot uses its beak like a third foot for climbing; its upper beak is hinged to the skull, and its thick muscular tongue helps it handle food and shape sounds. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 303-parrots-of-the-world-macaws-cockatoos-african-greys-lorikeets-and-the-cheeky-kea.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 parrot parrot NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 uses use VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ _ 5 beak beak NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 6 like like ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 third third ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 9 amod _ _ 9 foot foot NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:nmod 10 for for SCONJ IN _ 11 mark _ _ 11 climbing climb VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 9 acl _ _ 12 ; ; PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 13 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ _ 14 upper upper ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 beak beak NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nsubj:pass _ _ 16 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 aux:pass _ _ 17 hinged hinge VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 18 to to ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 skull skull NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 23 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ _ 24 thick thick ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 25 muscular muscular ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 tongue tongue NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 27 helps help VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 28 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 obj _ _ 29 handle handle VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 27 xcomp _ _ 30 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obj _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 32 shape shape NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=29:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 33 sounds sound NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 obj _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **use** | present | a parrot | parrot's beak | | | | like a third foot | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beak=Patient | | 2 | **climb** | gerund | a third foot *not said here* | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **hinge** | present · passive | | parrot's upper beak | | | | to the skull | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient to skull=Co-Patient | | 4 | **help** | present | parrot's thick muscular tongue | parrot | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary clause=Theme | | 5 | **handle** | infinitive | parrot *not said here* | food | | | | | vn hold-15.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:303-parrots-of-the-world-macaws-cockatoos-african-greys-lorikeets-and-the-cheeky-kea.lesson:17`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Parrots of the world: macaws, cockatoo…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/303-parrots-of-the-world-macaws-cockatoos-african-greys-lorikeets-and-the-cheeky-kea/16/) - next →: [Parrots of the world: macaws, cockatoo…, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/303-parrots-of-the-world-macaws-cockatoos-african-greys-lorikeets-and-the-cheeky-kea/18/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/303-parrots-of-the-world-macaws-cockatoos-african-greys-lorikeets-and-the-cheeky-kea/)