--- title: Writings from China about 1,700 years ago describe farmers putting w… — Ants of the world: weaver ants, bullet ants, hon… · tree and pragmatics description: Writings from China about 1,700 years ago describe farmers putting weaver ant nests in citrus trees to eat pests, one of the oldest known uses of one animal to control pests; farmers in Australia and Africa still use them on mango and cashew trees. Who acts: Writings, farmers. A sentence of the less --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/304-ants-of-the-world-weaver-ants-bullet-ants-honeypot-ants-and-trap-jaw-ants/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Ants of the world: weaver ants, bullet…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/304-ants-of-the-world-weaver-ants-bullet-ants-honeypot-ants-and-trap-jaw-ants/) / 10 # Ants of the world: weaver ants, bullet ants, honeypot ants and trap-jaw ants, sentence 10 Writings from China about 1,700 years ago describe farmers putting weaver ant nests in citrus trees to eat pests, one of the oldest known uses of one animal to control pests; farmers in Australia and Africa still use them on mango and cashew trees. **Who acts:** Writings, farmers · **What happens:** describe, put, eat, know, control, use · **To what, where:** farmers, ant nests, citrus trees, pests, nests, mango trees This is a sentence of the lesson «Ants of the world: weaver ants, bullet ants, honeypot ants and trap-jaw ants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Writings, farmers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:304-ants-of-the-world-weaver-ants-bullet-ants-honeypot-ants-and-trap-jaw-ants.lesson:10 # text = Writings from China about 1,700 years ago describe farmers putting weaver ant nests in citrus trees to eat pests, one of the oldest known uses of one animal to control pests; farmers in Australia and Africa still use them on mango and cashew trees. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 304-ants-of-the-world-weaver-ants-bullet-ants-honeypot-ants-and-trap-jaw-ants.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1 1 Writings writing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ _ 2 from from ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 3 China China PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 nmod _ _ 4 about about ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 5 1,700 1700 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 6 nummod _ _ 6 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obl:unmarked _ _ 7 ago ago ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 8 describe describe VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 farmers farmer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obj _ _ 10 putting put VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 8 ccomp _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:acl 11 weaver weaver NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 compound _ _ 12 ant ant NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 compound _ _ 13 nests nest NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obj _ _ 14 in in ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 citrus citrus NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 compound _ _ 16 trees tree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obl _ _ 17 to to PART TO _ 18 mark _ _ 18 eat eat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 10 advcl _ _ 19 pests pest NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obj _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 21 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 9 appos _ _ 22 of of ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 24 oldest old ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 26 amod _ _ 25 known know VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 26 amod _ _ 26 uses use NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nmod _ _ 27 of of ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 29 nummod _ _ 29 animal animal NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nmod _ _ 30 to to PART TO _ 31 mark _ _ 31 control control VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 29 acl _ _ 32 pests pest NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obj _ _ 33 ; ; PUNCT : _ 40 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=8:punct 34 farmers farmer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 nsubj _ _ 35 in in ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 Australia Australia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 34 nmod _ _ 37 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 38 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 36 conj _ _ 39 still still ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ _ 40 use use VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 41 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 obj _ _ 42 on on ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 43 mango mango NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 compound _ _ 44 and and CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ _ 45 cashew cashew NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 conj _ _ 46 trees tree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 obl _ _ 47 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **describe** | present | Writings from China | farmers | | | | ago *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **put** | gerund | Writings from China *not said here* | ant nests | | citrus trees | | | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent nest=Theme in tree=Destination | | 3 | **eat** | to-infinitive | Writings from China *not said here* | pests | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pest=Patient | | 4 | **know** | participle | | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 5 | **control** | to-infinitive | Writings from China *not said here* | pests | | | | | vn enforce-63 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pest=Theme | | 6 | **use** | present | farmers in Australia and Africa | nests *= nest* | | mango trees | still | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | | 7 | **use** | | | one animal | | | | | nom use «act transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:304-ants-of-the-world-weaver-ants-bullet-ants-honeypot-ants-and-trap-jaw-ants.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Ants of the world: weaver ants, bullet…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/304-ants-of-the-world-weaver-ants-bullet-ants-honeypot-ants-and-trap-jaw-ants/9/) - next →: [Ants of the world: weaver ants, bullet…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/304-ants-of-the-world-weaver-ants-bullet-ants-honeypot-ants-and-trap-jaw-ants/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/304-ants-of-the-world-weaver-ants-bullet-ants-honeypot-ants-and-trap-jaw-ants/)