--- title: An ant's narrow waist has one or two small bumps called nodes; it le… — Ants of the world: weaver ants, bullet ants, hon… · tree and pragmatics description: An ant's narrow waist has one or two small bumps called nodes; it lets the ant bend its rear end any way to sting, bite or spray, and counting the nodes helps scientists tell ant kinds apart. Who acts: narrow waist, one small bumps, waist, ant. A sentence of the lesson «Ants of the world: weaver ant --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/304-ants-of-the-world-weaver-ants-bullet-ants-honeypot-ants-and-trap-jaw-ants/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Ants of the world: weaver ants, bullet…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/304-ants-of-the-world-weaver-ants-bullet-ants-honeypot-ants-and-trap-jaw-ants/) / 14 # Ants of the world: weaver ants, bullet ants, honeypot ants and trap-jaw ants, sentence 14 An ant's narrow waist has one or two small bumps called nodes; it lets the ant bend its rear end any way to sting, bite or spray, and counting the nodes helps scientists tell ant kinds apart. **Who acts:** narrow waist, one small bumps, waist, ant, counting, scientists · **What happens:** have, call, let, bend, sting, bite · **To what, where:** one small bumps, nodes, rear end, ant kinds · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Ants of the world: weaver ants, bullet ants, honeypot ants and trap-jaw ants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (narrow waist, one small bumps, waist, ant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:304-ants-of-the-world-weaver-ants-bullet-ants-honeypot-ants-and-trap-jaw-ants.lesson:14 # text = An ant's narrow waist has one or two small bumps called nodes; it lets the ant bend its rear end any way to sting, bite or spray, and counting the nodes helps scientists tell ant kinds apart. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 304-ants-of-the-world-weaver-ants-bullet-ants-honeypot-ants-and-trap-jaw-ants.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3 1 An a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 ant ant NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod:poss _ _ 3 's 's PART POS _ 2 case _ _ 4 narrow narrow ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 waist waist NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 6 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 11 nummod _ _ 8 or or CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 7 conj _ _ 10 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 bumps bump NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obj _ _ 12 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 11 acl _ _ 13 nodes node NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=12:obj 14 ; ; PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 15 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 16 lets let VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:conj 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 ant ant NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 19 bend bend VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 16 xcomp _ _ 20 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ _ 21 rear rear ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 end end NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obj _ _ 23 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 24 det _ _ 24 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl:unmarked _ _ 25 to to PART TO _ 26 mark _ _ 26 sting sting VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 24 acl _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 28 bite bite VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 26 conj _ _ 29 or or CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 30 spray spray VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 26 conj _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=33:punct 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 33 counting count VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 36 csubj _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 nodes node NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obj _ _ 36 helps help VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=16:conj 37 scientists scientist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 nsubj _ _ 38 tell tell VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 36 xcomp _ _ 39 ant ant NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=40:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 40 kinds kind NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 obj _ _ 41 apart apart ADV RB _ 38 advmod _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | a ant's narrow waist | one small bumps | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bump=Patient | | 2 | **call** | participle | one small bumps *not said here* | nodes | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **let** | present | waist | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **bend** | infinitive | the ant | waist's rear end | | | | any way *obl:unmarked* | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent end=Material | | 5 | **sting** | to-infinitive | the ant *not said here* | | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | | 6 | **bite** | infinitive | the ant *not said here* | | | | | | vn swat-18.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **spray** | infinitive | the ant *not said here* | | | | | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme | | 8 | **count** | gerund | | the nodes | | | | | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent node=Theme | | 9 | **help** | present | counting | | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 10 | **tell** *speech: assert* | infinitive | scientists | ant kinds | | | | apart *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent kind=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:304-ants-of-the-world-weaver-ants-bullet-ants-honeypot-ants-and-trap-jaw-ants.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Ants of the world: weaver ants, bullet…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/304-ants-of-the-world-weaver-ants-bullet-ants-honeypot-ants-and-trap-jaw-ants/13/) - next →: [Ants of the world: weaver ants, bullet…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/304-ants-of-the-world-weaver-ants-bullet-ants-honeypot-ants-and-trap-jaw-ants/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/304-ants-of-the-world-weaver-ants-bullet-ants-honeypot-ants-and-trap-jaw-ants/)