--- title: The old story that scientists «proved» bumblebees cannot fly came fr… — Bees beyond the hive: bumblebees, solitary bees,… · tree and pragmatics description: The old story that scientists «proved» bumblebees cannot fly came from a rough sum treating a bee wing like a stiff aeroplane wing; real bee wings flap about 200 times a second and make tiny whirlwinds that give lift. Who acts: scientists, bumblebees, old story, rough sum. A sentence of the lesson « --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/305-bees-beyond-the-hive-bumblebees-solitary-bees-carpenter-bees-and-stingless-bees/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Bees beyond the hive: bumblebees, soli…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/305-bees-beyond-the-hive-bumblebees-solitary-bees-carpenter-bees-and-stingless-bees/) / 8 # Bees beyond the hive: bumblebees, solitary bees, carpenter bees and stingless bees, sentence 8 The old story that scientists «proved» bumblebees cannot fly came from a rough sum treating a bee wing like a stiff aeroplane wing; real bee wings flap about 200 times a second and make tiny whirlwinds that give lift. **Who acts:** scientists, bumblebees, old story, rough sum, real bee wings, tiny whirlwinds · **What happens:** prove, not fly, come, treat, flap, make · **To what, where:** old story, rough sum, bee wing, tiny whirlwinds, lift This is a sentence of the lesson «Bees beyond the hive: bumblebees, solitary bees, carpenter bees and stingless bees» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (scientists, bumblebees, old story, rough sum), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:305-bees-beyond-the-hive-bumblebees-solitary-bees-carpenter-bees-and-stingless-bees.lesson:8 # text = The old story that scientists «proved» bumblebees cannot fly came from a rough sum treating a bee wing like a stiff aeroplane wing; real bee wings flap about 200 times a second and make tiny whirlwinds that give lift. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 305-bees-beyond-the-hive-bumblebees-solitary-bees-carpenter-bees-and-stingless-bees.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 story story NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ _ 4 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 7 obj _ _ 5 scientists scientist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ _ 6 « « PUNCT `` _ 7 punct _ _ 7 proved prove VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 acl:relcl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:acl:relcl|HaikuPos=VERB:VBN:Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 8 » » PUNCT '' _ 7 punct _ _ 9 bumblebees bumblebee NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ _ 10 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 12 aux _ _ 11 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 12 advmod _ _ 12 fly fly VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 ccomp _ _ 13 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 14 from from ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 16 rough rough ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 sum sum NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 18 treating treat VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 17 acl _ _ 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 20 bee bee NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 compound _ _ 21 wing wing NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ _ 22 like like ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 24 stiff stiff ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=25:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 25 aeroplane aeroplane NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 compound _ _ 26 wing wing NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=21:nmod 27 ; ; PUNCT : _ 31 punct _ _ 28 real real ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 29 bee bee NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 compound _ _ 30 wings wing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ _ 31 flap flap VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 parataxis _ _ 32 about about ADV RB _ 33 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=34:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 33 200 200 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 34 nummod _ _ 34 times time NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obl _ _ 35 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 second second NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nmod _ _ 37 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 38 make make VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=31:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 39 tiny tiny ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 amod _ _ 40 whirlwinds whirlwind NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 obj _ _ 41 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 42 nsubj _ _ 42 give give VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 40 acl:relcl _ _ 43 lift lift NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 obj _ _ 44 . . PUNCT . _ 13 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **prove** *in a quote* | past | scientists | the old story | | | | | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent that=Attribute clause=Theme | | 2 | **not** **fly** | can | bumblebees | | | | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **come** | past | the old story | | | a rough sum | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from sum=Initial\_Location | | 4 | **treat** | gerund | a rough sum *not said here* | a bee wing | | | | like a stiff aeroplane wing | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent wing=Recipient | | 5 | **flap** | present | real bee wings | | | | time | | vn body\_internal\_motion-49.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **make** | present | real bee wings *not said here* | tiny whirlwinds | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset whirlwind=Product | | 7 | **give** | present | tiny whirlwinds | lift | | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lift=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:305-bees-beyond-the-hive-bumblebees-solitary-bees-carpenter-bees-and-stingless-bees.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Bees beyond the hive: bumblebees, soli…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/305-bees-beyond-the-hive-bumblebees-solitary-bees-carpenter-bees-and-stingless-bees/7/) - next →: [Bees beyond the hive: bumblebees, soli…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/305-bees-beyond-the-hive-bumblebees-solitary-bees-carpenter-bees-and-stingless-bees/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/305-bees-beyond-the-hive-bumblebees-solitary-bees-carpenter-bees-and-stingless-bees/)