--- title: A beetle's hard front wings are called elytra; they cover the soft f… — Beetles: the biggest group of animals on Earth,… · tree and pragmatics description: A beetle's hard front wings are called elytra; they cover the soft flying wings, lift up in flight, and the thin back wings fold like origami to fit underneath. Who acts: wings, thin back wings. A sentence of the lesson «Beetles: the biggest group of animals on Earth, wing cases and six legs» of the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/306-beetles-the-biggest-group-of-animals-on-earth-wing-cases-and-six-legs/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Beetles: the biggest group of animals…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/306-beetles-the-biggest-group-of-animals-on-earth-wing-cases-and-six-legs/) / 10 # Beetles: the biggest group of animals on Earth, wing cases and six legs, sentence 10 A beetle's hard front wings are called elytra; they cover the soft flying wings, lift up in flight, and the thin back wings fold like origami to fit underneath. **Who acts:** wings, thin back wings · **What happens:** call, cover, lift up, fold, fit · **To what, where:** hard front wings, soft flying wings, flight · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Beetles: the biggest group of animals on Earth, wing cases and six legs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wings, thin back wings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:306-beetles-the-biggest-group-of-animals-on-earth-wing-cases-and-six-legs.lesson:10 # text = A beetle's hard front wings are called elytra; they cover the soft flying wings, lift up in flight, and the thin back wings fold like origami to fit underneath. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 306-beetles-the-biggest-group-of-animals-on-earth-wing-cases-and-six-legs.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 beetle beetle NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nmod:poss _ _ 3 's 's PART POS _ 2 case _ _ 4 hard hard ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 5 front front ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 wings wing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nsubj:pass _ _ 7 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 aux:pass _ _ 8 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 9 elytra elytra NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 xcomp _ _ 10 ; ; PUNCT : _ 12 punct _ _ 11 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nsubj _ _ 12 cover cover VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 parataxis _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 14 soft soft ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 15 flying flying NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 compound _ _ 16 wings wing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 18 lift lift VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 conj _ _ 19 up up ADP RP _ 18 compound:prt _ _ 20 in in ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 flight flight NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obl _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 25 thin thin ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 26 back back NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=27:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 27 wings wing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nsubj _ _ 28 fold fold VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=12:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 29 like like ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 origami origami NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 31 to to PART TO _ 32 mark _ _ 32 fit fit VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 28 advcl _ _ 33 underneath underneath ADV RB _ 32 advmod _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **call** *speech: assert* | present · passive | | a beetle's hard front wings | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | | 2 | **cover** | present | wings *= wing* | the soft flying wings | | | | | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme wing=Destination | | 3 | **lift up** | present | wings *= wing* *not said here* | | | flight | | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in flight=Destination | | 4 | **fold** | present | the thin back wings | | | | | like origami | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **fit** | to-infinitive | the thin back wings *not said here* | | | | | underneath *property* | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:306-beetles-the-biggest-group-of-animals-on-earth-wing-cases-and-six-legs.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Beetles: the biggest group of animals…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/306-beetles-the-biggest-group-of-animals-on-earth-wing-cases-and-six-legs/9/) - next →: [Beetles: the biggest group of animals…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/306-beetles-the-biggest-group-of-animals-on-earth-wing-cases-and-six-legs/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/306-beetles-the-biggest-group-of-animals-on-earth-wing-cases-and-six-legs/)