--- title: Fire-bellied toads have pupils shaped like a triangle or a heart; Or… — Frogs and toads near home: spawn, croaking choru… · tree and pragmatics description: Fire-bellied toads have pupils shaped like a triangle or a heart; Oriental fire-bellied toads are popular pets, and hands must be washed after touching them. Who acts: bellied toads, Oriental bellied toads. A sentence of the lesson «Frogs and toads near home: spawn, croaking choruses, toad crossings --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/309-frogs-and-toads-near-home-spawn-croaking-choruses-toad-crossings-and-the-fire-bellied-toad/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Frogs and toads near home: spawn, croa…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/309-frogs-and-toads-near-home-spawn-croaking-choruses-toad-crossings-and-the-fire-bellied-toad/) / 16 # Frogs and toads near home: spawn, croaking choruses, toad crossings and the fire-bellied toad, sentence 16 Fire-bellied toads have pupils shaped like a triangle or a heart; Oriental fire-bellied toads are popular pets, and hands must be washed after touching them. **Who acts:** bellied toads, Oriental bellied toads · **What happens:** belly, have, shape, be, wash, touch · **To what, where:** pupils, popular pets, hands, toads This is a sentence of the lesson «Frogs and toads near home: spawn, croaking choruses, toad crossings and the fire-bellied toad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bellied toads, Oriental bellied toads), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:309-frogs-and-toads-near-home-spawn-croaking-choruses-toad-crossings-and-the-fire-bellied-toad.lesson:16 # text = Fire-bellied toads have pupils shaped like a triangle or a heart; Oriental fire-bellied toads are popular pets, and hands must be washed after touching them. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 309-frogs-and-toads-near-home-spawn-croaking-choruses-toad-crossings-and-the-fire-bellied-toad.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Fire Fire PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 2 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 1 punct _ _ 3 bellied belly VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 amod _ _ 4 toads toad NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 5 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 pupils pupil NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ 7 shaped shape VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 6 acl _ _ 8 like like ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 triangle triangle NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 11 or or CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 heart heart NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 conj _ _ 14 ; ; PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 15 Oriental Oriental ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=19:compound|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 16 fire fire NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 compound _ _ 17 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 16 punct _ _ 18 bellied belly VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 19 amod _ _ 19 toads toad NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ _ 20 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 cop _ _ 21 popular popular ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 pets pet NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 parataxis _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 25 hands hand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nsubj:pass _ _ 26 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 28 aux _ _ 27 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 28 aux:pass _ _ 28 washed wash VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 22 conj _ _ 29 after after SCONJ IN _ 30 mark _ _ 30 touching touch VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 28 advcl _ _ 31 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 obj _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **belly** | participle | | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **have** | present | bellied toads | pupils | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pupil=Patient | | 3 | **shape** | participle | | pupils *not said here* | | | | like a triangle or a heart | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | | 4 | **belly** | participle | | | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **is a** | present | Oriental bellied toads | popular pets | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **wash** | must · passive | | hands | | | | | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 7 | **touch** | gerund | | toads *= toad* | | | | | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme they=Co-Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:309-frogs-and-toads-near-home-spawn-croaking-choruses-toad-crossings-and-the-fire-bellied-toad.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Frogs and toads near home: spawn, croa…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/309-frogs-and-toads-near-home-spawn-croaking-choruses-toad-crossings-and-the-fire-bellied-toad/15/) - next →: [Frogs and toads near home: spawn, croa…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/309-frogs-and-toads-near-home-spawn-croaking-choruses-toad-crossings-and-the-fire-bellied-toad/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/309-frogs-and-toads-near-home-spawn-croaking-choruses-toad-crossings-and-the-fire-bellied-toad/)