--- title: A small pond without fish, with shallow sloping edges, invites frogs… — Frogs and toads near home: spawn, croaking choru… · tree and pragmatics description: A small pond without fish, with shallow sloping edges, invites frogs, because fish eat spawn and tadpoles and sloping edges let froglets climb out; frogs often find a new pond on their own within a year or two. Who acts: small pond, fish, sloping edges, froglets. A sentence of the lesson «Frogs and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/309-frogs-and-toads-near-home-spawn-croaking-choruses-toad-crossings-and-the-fire-bellied-toad/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Frogs and toads near home: spawn, croa…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/309-frogs-and-toads-near-home-spawn-croaking-choruses-toad-crossings-and-the-fire-bellied-toad/) / 17 # Frogs and toads near home: spawn, croaking choruses, toad crossings and the fire-bellied toad, sentence 17 A small pond without fish, with shallow sloping edges, invites frogs, because fish eat spawn and tadpoles and sloping edges let froglets climb out; frogs often find a new pond on their own within a year or two. **Who acts:** small pond, fish, sloping edges, froglets, frogs · **What happens:** slope, invite, eat, let, climb out, find · **To what, where:** frogs, spawn, froglets, new pond, own This is a sentence of the lesson «Frogs and toads near home: spawn, croaking choruses, toad crossings and the fire-bellied toad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (small pond, fish, sloping edges, froglets), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:309-frogs-and-toads-near-home-spawn-croaking-choruses-toad-crossings-and-the-fire-bellied-toad.lesson:17 # text = A small pond without fish, with shallow sloping edges, invites frogs, because fish eat spawn and tadpoles and sloping edges let froglets climb out; frogs often find a new pond on their own within a year or two. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 309-frogs-and-toads-near-home-spawn-croaking-choruses-toad-crossings-and-the-fire-bellied-toad.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 pond pond NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ _ 4 without without ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 fish fish NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 7 with with ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 8 shallow shallow ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 9 sloping slope VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 10 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=10:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 10 edges edge NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nmod _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 12 invites invite VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 13 frogs frog NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obj _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 15 because because SCONJ IN _ 17 mark _ _ 16 fish fish NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ _ 17 eat eat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 advcl _ _ 18 spawn spawn NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 tadpoles tadpole NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 conj _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 22 sloping slope VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 23 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=23:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 23 edges edge NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nsubj _ _ 24 let let VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 conj _ _ 25 froglets froglet NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obj _ _ 26 climb climb VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 24 xcomp _ _ 27 out out ADP RP _ 26 compound:prt _ _ 28 ; ; PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 29 frogs frog NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ _ 30 often often ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 31 find find VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 parataxis _ _ 32 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 33 new new ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 34 pond pond NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obj _ _ 35 on on ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 37 nmod:poss _ _ 37 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=31:xcomp 38 within within ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 39 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 40 year year NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=37:obl 41 or or CCONJ CC _ 42 cc _ _ 42 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 40 conj _ _ 43 . . PUNCT . _ 31 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **slope** | gerund | | | | | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **invite** | present | a small pond without fish with shallow sloping edges | | frogs | | | | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent frog=Recipient | | 3 | **eat** | present | fish | spawn and tadpoles | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spawn=Patient | | 4 | **slope** | gerund | | | | | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **let** | present | sloping edges | froglets | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **climb out** | infinitive | froglets *not said here* | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **find** | present | frogs | a new pond | | frogs's own | year | often *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pond=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:309-frogs-and-toads-near-home-spawn-croaking-choruses-toad-crossings-and-the-fire-bellied-toad.lesson:17`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Frogs and toads near home: spawn, croa…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/309-frogs-and-toads-near-home-spawn-croaking-choruses-toad-crossings-and-the-fire-bellied-toad/16/) - next →: [Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bu…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/309-frogs-and-toads-near-home-spawn-croaking-choruses-toad-crossings-and-the-fire-bellied-toad/)