---
title: On a mild wet spring night you may hear the pond croaking and purrin… — Frogs and toads near home: spawn, croaking choru… · tree and pragmatics
description: On a mild wet spring night you may hear the pond croaking and purring as males call for partners, and on the roads nearby toads walk back to the very pond where they hatched, which is why some roads have toad signs, tunnels and volunteers with buckets. Who acts: you, males, toads, roads. A sentence 
---

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# Frogs and toads near home: spawn, croaking choruses, toad crossings and the fire-bellied toad, sentence 2

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On a mild wet spring night you may hear the pond croaking and purring as males call for partners, and on the roads nearby toads walk back to the very pond where they hatched, which is why some roads have toad signs, tunnels and volunteers with buckets.

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**Who acts:** you, males, toads, roads · **What happens:** hear, croaking, purr, call, walk back, hatch · **To what, where:** roads, toad signs · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Frogs and toads near home: spawn, croaking choruses, toad crossings and the fire-bellied toad» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, males, toads, roads), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:309-frogs-and-toads-near-home-spawn-croaking-choruses-toad-crossings-and-the-fire-bellied-toad.lesson:2
# text = On a mild wet spring night you may hear the pond croaking and purring as males call for partners, and on the roads nearby toads walk back to the very pond where they hatched, which is why some roads have toad signs, tunnels and volunteers with buckets.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 309-frogs-and-toads-near-home-spawn-croaking-choruses-toad-crossings-and-the-fire-bellied-toad.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
3	mild	mild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
4	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:det
11	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	croaking	croaking	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	xcomp	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:obj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	purring	purr	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	conj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:conj
15	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
16	males	male	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
17	call	call	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	partners	partner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
22	on	on	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	roads	road	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obl	_	_
25	nearby	nearby	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	24	advmod	_	_
26	toads	toad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nsubj	_	_
27	walk	walk	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
28	back	back	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=32:advmod
29	to	to	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	very	very	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=32:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_
32	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
33	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	35	advmod	_	_
34	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	nsubj	_	_
35	hatched	hatch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	acl:relcl	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
37	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	39	nsubj	_	_
38	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	39	cop	_	_
39	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	42	advmod	_	_
40	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	41	det	_	_
41	roads	road	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	nsubj	_	_
42	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	acl:relcl	_	_
43	toad	toad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	compound	_	_
44	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	obj	_	_
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
46	tunnels	tunnel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	44	conj	_	_
47	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	48	cc	_	_
48	volunteers	volunteer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	44	conj	_	_
49	with	with	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
50	buckets	bucket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	48	nmod	_	_
51	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | may | you |  |  |  | night |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **croaking** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **purr** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **call** | present | males |  |  |  |  | for partners | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S\_INF»: agent=Agent for partner=Recipient |
| 5 | **walk back** | present | toads |  |  | the roads |  | to the very pond *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to pond=Result |
| 6 | **hatch** | past | toads *= toad* |  |  |  |  |  | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.patient V PP.product»: agent=Patient |
| 7 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | why *property* | tree rules |
| 8 | **have** | present | some roads | toad signs and tunnels and volunteers with buckets |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sign=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:309-frogs-and-toads-near-home-spawn-croaking-choruses-toad-crossings-and-the-fire-bellied-toad.lesson:2`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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