--- title: The leatherback is the biggest turtle alive: about 2 m long and over… — Turtles and tortoises · tree and pragmatics description: The leatherback is the biggest turtle alive: about 2 m long and over 500 kg, with a tough leathery skin instead of hard plates; it eats jellyfish, which are mostly water, so it must eat a great many, and its huge body and oily fat hold in enough warmth for it to swim in cold seas where other turtles --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/31-turtles-and-tortoises/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Turtles and tortoises](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/31-turtles-and-tortoises/) / 10 # Turtles and tortoises, sentence 10 The leatherback is the biggest turtle alive: about 2 m long and over 500 kg, with a tough leathery skin instead of hard plates; it eats jellyfish, which are mostly water, so it must eat a great many, and its huge body and oily fat hold in enough warmth for it to swim in cold seas where other turtles cannot. **Who acts:** leatherback, turtle, jellyfish, huge body · **What happens:** be, eat, hold, swim · **To what, where:** biggest turtle, jellyfish, water, great many, enough warmth, cold seas This is a sentence of the lesson «Turtles and tortoises» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (leatherback, turtle, jellyfish, huge body), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:031-turtles-and-tortoises.lesson:10 # text = The leatherback is the biggest turtle alive: about 2 m long and over 500 kg, with a tough leathery skin instead of hard plates; it eats jellyfish, which are mostly water, so it must eat a great many, and its huge body and oily fat hold in enough warmth for it to swim in cold seas where other turtles cannot. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 031-turtles-and-tortoises.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 leatherback leatherback NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 biggest big ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 6 amod _ _ 6 turtle turtle NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 7 alive alive ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 8 : : PUNCT : _ 6 punct _ _ 9 about about ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 10 2 2 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 11 nummod _ _ 11 m m NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obl:unmarked _ _ 12 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 conj _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 14 over over ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 15 500 500 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 16 nummod _ _ 16 kg kg NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 conj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 18 with with ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 20 tough tough ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 21 leathery leathery ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 amod _ _ 22 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 conj _ _ 23 instead instead ADV RB ExtPos=ADP 26 case _ _ 24 of of ADP IN _ 23 fixed _ _ 25 hard hard ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 plates plate NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nmod _ _ 27 ; ; PUNCT : _ 29 punct _ _ 28 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 29 eats eat VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=6:conj 30 jellyfish jellyfish NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obj _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 32 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 35 nsubj _ _ 33 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 35 cop _ _ 34 mostly mostly ADV RB _ 35 advmod _ _ 35 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 acl:relcl _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 37 so so ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ _ 38 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 nsubj _ _ 39 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 40 aux _ _ 40 eat eat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 29 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=29:conj 41 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 43 det _ _ 42 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 43 amod _ _ 43 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 obj _ _ 44 , , PUNCT , _ 52 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=48:punct 45 and and CCONJ CC _ 52 cc _ _ 46 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 48 nmod:poss _ _ 47 huge huge ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 48 amod _ _ 48 body body NOUN NN Number=Sing 52 nsubj _ _ 49 and and CCONJ CC _ 51 cc _ _ 50 oily oily ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 51 amod _ _ 51 fat fat NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 conj _ _ 52 hold hold VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 40 conj _ _ 53 in in ADP IN _ 55 case _ _ 54 enough enough ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 55 amod _ _ 55 warmth warmth NOUN NN Number=Sing 52 obl _ _ 56 for for SCONJ IN _ 59 mark _ _ 57 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 59 nsubj _ _ 58 to to PART TO _ 59 mark _ _ 59 swim swim VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 55 acl _ _ 60 in in ADP IN _ 62 case _ _ 61 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 62 amod _ _ 62 seas sea NOUN NNS Number=Plur 59 obl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=59:obl|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 63 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 66 advmod _ _ 64 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 65 amod _ _ 65 turtles turtle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 66 nsubj _ _ 66 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 59 advcl _ _ 67 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 66 advmod _ _ 68 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | the leatherback | the biggest turtle | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **eat** | present | turtle | jellyfish | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jellyfish=Patient | | 3 | **is a** | present | jellyfish | water | | | | mostly *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **eat** | must | turtle | a great many | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent many=Patient | | 5 | **hold** | present | turtle's huge body and oily fat | | | enough warmth | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in warmth=Location | | 6 | **swim** | to-infinitive | turtle | | | cold seas | | | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sea=Trajectory | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:031-turtles-and-tortoises.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Turtles and tortoises, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/31-turtles-and-tortoises/9/) - next →: [Turtles and tortoises, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/31-turtles-and-tortoises/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/31-turtles-and-tortoises/)