--- title: Painted turtles spend the winter on the muddy bottom of frozen ponds… — Turtles and tortoises · tree and pragmatics description: Painted turtles spend the winter on the muddy bottom of frozen ponds for months, with their hearts beating only a few times a minute, because the cold slows their bodies so much that they need almost no oxygen. Who acts: Painted turtles, hearts, cold. A sentence of the lesson «Turtles and tortoises» --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/31-turtles-and-tortoises/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Turtles and tortoises](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/31-turtles-and-tortoises/) / 17 # Turtles and tortoises, sentence 17 Painted turtles spend the winter on the muddy bottom of frozen ponds for months, with their hearts beating only a few times a minute, because the cold slows their bodies so much that they need almost no oxygen. **Who acts:** Painted turtles, hearts, cold · **What happens:** paint, spend, freeze, beat, slow, need · **To what, where:** muddy bottom, bodies, oxygen This is a sentence of the lesson «Turtles and tortoises» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Painted turtles, hearts, cold), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:031-turtles-and-tortoises.lesson:17 # text = Painted turtles spend the winter on the muddy bottom of frozen ponds for months, with their hearts beating only a few times a minute, because the cold slows their bodies so much that they need almost no oxygen. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 031-turtles-and-tortoises.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Painted paint VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 amod _ _ 2 turtles turtle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 spend spend VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 winter winter NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 6 on on ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 muddy muddy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 bottom bottom NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 frozen freeze VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 12 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=12:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 12 ponds pond NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nmod _ _ 13 for for ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 months month NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 16 with with ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ _ 18 hearts heart NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ _ 19 beating beat VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 3 advcl _ _ 20 only only ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 21 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 22 few few ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 times time NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obl:unmarked _ _ 24 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 minute minute NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nmod:unmarked _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 27 because because SCONJ IN _ 30 mark _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 cold cold NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ _ 30 slows slow VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 advcl _ _ 31 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 32 nmod:poss _ _ 32 bodies body NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 obj _ _ 33 so so ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 34 much much ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 35 that that SCONJ IN _ 37 mark _ _ 36 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 nsubj _ _ 37 need need VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 advcl _ _ 38 almost almost ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ _ 39 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 40 det _ _ 40 oxygen oxygen NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obj _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **paint** | participle | | | | | | | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **spend** | present | Painted turtles | | | | month; winter | on the muddy bottom of frozen ponds *goal* | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent on bottom=Goal | | 3 | **freeze** | participle | | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **beat** | gerund | jaws's hearts | | | | time | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **slow** | present | the cold | jaws's bodies | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent body=Patient | | 6 | **need** | present | hearts *= heart* | no oxygen | | | | | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot oxygen=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:031-turtles-and-tortoises.lesson:17`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Turtles and tortoises, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/31-turtles-and-tortoises/16/) - next →: [Turtles and tortoises, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/31-turtles-and-tortoises/19/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/31-turtles-and-tortoises/)