--- title: Turtles have no teeth but a sharp beak made of keratin, like your na… — Turtles and tortoises · tree and pragmatics description: Turtles have no teeth but a sharp beak made of keratin, like your nails, and the rings on a tortoise's shell do not give its exact age, because it can grow several rings in a year, or none. Who acts: Turtles, rings, age. A sentence of the lesson «Turtles and tortoises» of the biology course of Mova' --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/31-turtles-and-tortoises/19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Turtles and tortoises](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/31-turtles-and-tortoises/) / 19 # Turtles and tortoises, sentence 19 Turtles have no teeth but a sharp beak made of keratin, like your nails, and the rings on a tortoise's shell do not give its exact age, because it can grow several rings in a year, or none. **Who acts:** Turtles, rings, age · **What happens:** have, make, not give, grow · **To what, where:** teeth, sharp beak, exact age, several rings This is a sentence of the lesson «Turtles and tortoises» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Turtles, rings, age), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:031-turtles-and-tortoises.lesson:19 # text = Turtles have no teeth but a sharp beak made of keratin, like your nails, and the rings on a tortoise's shell do not give its exact age, because it can grow several rings in a year, or none. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 031-turtles-and-tortoises.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Turtles turtle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 4 det _ _ 4 teeth tooth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 5 but but CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 7 sharp sharp ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 beak beak NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 conj _ _ 9 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 acl _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 keratin keratin NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 13 like like ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ _ 15 nails nail NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=9:conj 16 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 rings ring NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ _ 20 on on ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 21 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 tortoise tortoise NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nmod:poss _ _ 23 's 's PART POS _ 22 case _ _ 24 shell shell NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nmod _ _ 25 do do AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 aux _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=27:aux|HaikuPos=AUX:VB:VerbForm=Inf 26 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 27 advmod _ _ 27 give give VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:parataxis 28 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ _ 29 exact exact ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 30 age age NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obj _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 32 because because SCONJ IN _ 35 mark _ _ 33 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj _ _ 34 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 35 aux _ _ 35 grow grow VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 27 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=27:conj 36 several several ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 37 amod _ _ 37 rings ring NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 obj _ _ 38 in in ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 39 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 40 year year NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=37:nmod 41 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 42 or or CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ _ 43 none none PRON NN PronType=Neg 37 conj _ _ 44 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: pos - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Turtles | no teeth but a sharp beak | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient | | 2 | **make** | participle | | a sharp beak *not said here* | | | | of keratin; like your nails | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | | 3 | **not** **give** | present · do-support | the rings on a tortoise's shell | shell's exact age | | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent age=Theme | | 4 | **grow** | can | age | several rings | | | year | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location ring=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:031-turtles-and-tortoises.lesson:19`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Turtles and tortoises, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/31-turtles-and-tortoises/17/) - next →: [Turtles and tortoises, 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/31-turtles-and-tortoises/20/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/31-turtles-and-tortoises/)