--- title: Tortoises are the turtles that live only on land, with high domed sh… — Turtles and tortoises · tree and pragmatics description: Tortoises are the turtles that live only on land, with high domed shells and thick legs like an elephant's; water turtles have flatter shells and webbed feet or flippers. Who acts: Tortoises, turtles, water turtles. A sentence of the lesson «Turtles and tortoises» of the biology course of Mova's pri --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/31-turtles-and-tortoises/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Turtles and tortoises](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/31-turtles-and-tortoises/) / 2 # Turtles and tortoises, sentence 2 Tortoises are the turtles that live only on land, with high domed shells and thick legs like an elephant's; water turtles have flatter shells and webbed feet or flippers. **Who acts:** Tortoises, turtles, water turtles · **What happens:** be, live, have, web · **To what, where:** turtles, land, flatter shells This is a sentence of the lesson «Turtles and tortoises» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tortoises, turtles, water turtles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:031-turtles-and-tortoises.lesson:2 # text = Tortoises are the turtles that live only on land, with high domed shells and thick legs like an elephant's; water turtles have flatter shells and webbed feet or flippers. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 031-turtles-and-tortoises.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×3 1 Tortoises tortoise NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 turtles turtle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 5 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 6 nsubj _ _ 6 live live VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 acl:relcl _ _ 7 only only ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ _ 8 on on ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 11 with with ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 12 high high ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 13 domed dome ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=14:amod|HaikuPos=VERB:VBN:Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 14 shells shell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obl _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 16 thick thick ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 legs leg NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 conj _ _ 18 like like ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 elephant elephant NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nmod _ _ 21 's 's PART POS _ 20 case _ _ 22 ; ; PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 23 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 compound _ _ 24 turtles turtle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nsubj _ _ 25 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ _ 26 flatter flat ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 27 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=27:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 27 shells shell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obj _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 29 webbed web VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 30 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=30:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 30 feet foot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 conj _ _ 31 or or CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 32 flippers flipper NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 conj _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Tortoises | the turtles | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **live** | present | the turtles | | | land | | with high domed shells like a elephant and thick legs | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with shell=Location | | 3 | **have** | present | water turtles | flatter shells and webbed feet or flippers | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Patient | | 4 | **web** | participle | | | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:031-turtles-and-tortoises.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Turtles and tortoises, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/31-turtles-and-tortoises/1/) - next →: [Turtles and tortoises, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/31-turtles-and-tortoises/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/31-turtles-and-tortoises/)