--- title: Tortoises are turtles that live only on land; they have domed shells… — Turtles and tortoises · tree and pragmatics description: Tortoises are turtles that live only on land; they have domed shells and stumpy legs, while water turtles have flatter shells and webbed feet or flippers. Who acts: Tortoises, turtles, water turtles. A sentence of the lesson «Turtles and tortoises» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/31-turtles-and-tortoises/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Turtles and tortoises](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/31-turtles-and-tortoises/) / 7 # Turtles and tortoises, sentence 7 Tortoises are turtles that live only on land; they have domed shells and stumpy legs, while water turtles have flatter shells and webbed feet or flippers. **Who acts:** Tortoises, turtles, water turtles · **What happens:** be, live, have, web · **To what, where:** turtles, land, domed shells, flatter shells This is a sentence of the lesson «Turtles and tortoises» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tortoises, turtles, water turtles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:031-turtles-and-tortoises.lesson:7 # text = Tortoises are turtles that live only on land; they have domed shells and stumpy legs, while water turtles have flatter shells and webbed feet or flippers. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 031-turtles-and-tortoises.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Tortoises tortoise NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 turtles turtle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 4 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 5 nsubj _ _ 5 live live VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 acl:relcl _ _ 6 only only ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 7 on on ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 9 ; ; PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 10 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 11 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 12 domed dome ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 shells shell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obj _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 15 stumpy stumpy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 legs leg NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 conj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 18 while while SCONJ IN _ 21 mark _ _ 19 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 compound _ _ 20 turtles turtle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ _ 21 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:parataxis 22 flatter flat ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 23 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=23:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 23 shells shell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obj _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 25 webbed web VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 26 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=26:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 26 feet foot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 conj _ _ 27 or or CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 28 flippers flipper NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 conj _ _ 29 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Tortoises | turtles | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **live** | present | turtles | | | land | | | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on land=Location | | 3 | **have** | present | Tortoises *= tortoise* | domed shells and stumpy legs | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Patient | | 4 | **have** | present | water turtles | flatter shells and webbed feet or flippers | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Patient | | 5 | **web** | participle | | | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:031-turtles-and-tortoises.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Turtles and tortoises, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/31-turtles-and-tortoises/6/) - next →: [Turtles and tortoises, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/31-turtles-and-tortoises/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/31-turtles-and-tortoises/)