---
title: Jonathan, a giant tortoise on the island of St Helena, hatched aroun… — Turtles and tortoises · tree and pragmatics
description: Jonathan, a giant tortoise on the island of St Helena, hatched around 1832 and is the oldest known living land animal. Who acts: Jonathan. A sentence of the lesson «Turtles and tortoises» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Turtles and tortoises, sentence 8

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Jonathan, a giant tortoise on the island of St Helena, hatched around 1832 and is the oldest known living land animal.

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**Who acts:** Jonathan · **What happens:** hatch, know, live, be · **To what, where:** 1832, oldest known living land animal

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Turtles and tortoises» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jonathan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:031-turtles-and-tortoises.lesson:8
# text = Jonathan, a giant tortoise on the island of St Helena, hatched around 1832 and is the oldest known living land animal.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 031-turtles-and-tortoises.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1
1	Jonathan	Jonathan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	tortoise	tortoise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	St	St	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	Helena	Helena	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	flat	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
13	hatched	hatch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	around	around	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	1832	1832	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	obl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=20:det
19	oldest	old	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	23	amod	_	_
20	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	amod	_	_
21	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	23	amod	_	_
22	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hatch** | past | Jonathan |  |  | 1832 |  |  | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP V NP.product PP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **know** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **live** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **is a** | present | Jonathan *not said here* | the oldest known living land animal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:031-turtles-and-tortoises.lesson:8`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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