--- title: Off South Africa, great whites rush up from deep water at seals and… — Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and ham… · tree and pragmatics description: Off South Africa, great whites rush up from deep water at seals and can launch fully into the air; attacking from below works because the seal cannot see into the dark water. Who acts: great whites, seal. A sentence of the lesson «Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and hammerhead» of the biolo --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bu…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/) / 11 # Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and hammerhead, sentence 11 Off South Africa, great whites rush up from deep water at seals and can launch fully into the air; attacking from below works because the seal cannot see into the dark water. **Who acts:** great whites, seal · **What happens:** rush up, launch, attack, work, not see · **To what, where:** deep water, air, dark water This is a sentence of the lesson «Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and hammerhead» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (great whites, seal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead.lesson:11 # text = Off South Africa, great whites rush up from deep water at seals and can launch fully into the air; attacking from below works because the seal cannot see into the dark water. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 Off off ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 South South PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 5 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 whites white NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ _ 7 rush rush VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 up up ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ 9 from from ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 deep deep ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 12 at at ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 seals seal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:nmod 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 15 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 16 aux _ _ 16 launch launch VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 conj _ _ 17 fully fully ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 18 into into ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ _ 21 ; ; PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 22 attacking attack VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 25 nsubj _ _ 23 from from ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 below below ADV RB _ 22 obl _ _ 25 works work VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 parataxis _ _ 26 because because SCONJ IN _ 31 mark _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 seal seal NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ _ 29 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 31 aux _ _ 30 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 31 advmod _ _ 31 see see VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 25 advcl _ _ 32 into into ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 34 dark dark ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 35 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **rush up** | present | great whites | | | deep water | | off South Africa; at seals | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme off africa=Trajectory | | 2 | **launch** | can | great whites *not said here* | | | | | into the air *result*; fully *property* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Causer into air=Result | | 3 | **attack** | gerund | | | | | | | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **work** | present | | | | | | | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **not** **see** | can | the seal | | | the dark water | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bu…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/10/) - next →: [Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bu…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/)