--- title: Great whites keep their muscles, eyes and brain warmer than the sea… — Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and ham… · tree and pragmatics description: Great whites keep their muscles, eyes and brain warmer than the sea around them, using special blood vessels that hold the heat in, which helps them swim fast in cold water. Who acts: Great whites, special blood vessels, Sharks. A sentence of the lesson «Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bu…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/) / 13 # Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and hammerhead, sentence 13 Great whites keep their muscles, eyes and brain warmer than the sea around them, using special blood vessels that hold the heat in, which helps them swim fast in cold water. **Who acts:** Great whites, special blood vessels, Sharks · **What happens:** keep, use, hold in, help, swim · **To what, where:** muscles, special blood vessels, heat, Sharks, cold water This is a sentence of the lesson «Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and hammerhead» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Great whites, special blood vessels, Sharks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead.lesson:13 # text = Great whites keep their muscles, eyes and brain warmer than the sea around them, using special blood vessels that hold the heat in, which helps them swim fast in cold water. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 whites white NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 keep keep VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ _ 5 muscles muscle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 7 eyes eye NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 conj _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 brain brain NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 10 warmer warm ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 3 xcomp _ _ 11 than than ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obl _ _ 14 around around ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 17 using use VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 3 advcl _ _ 18 special special ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 19 blood blood NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 compound _ _ 20 vessels vessel NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obj _ _ 21 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 22 nsubj _ _ 22 hold hold VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 acl:relcl _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 heat heat NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obj _ _ 25 in in ADP RP _ 22 compound:prt _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 27 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 28 nsubj _ _ 28 helps help VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 conj _ _ 29 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 obj _ _ 30 swim swim VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 28 xcomp _ _ 31 fast fast ADV RB Degree=Pos 30 advmod _ _ 32 in in ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 34 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obl _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **keep** | present | Great whites | Sharks's muscles and eyes and brain | | | | warm *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent muscle=Theme | | 2 | **use** | gerund | Great whites *not said here* | special blood vessels | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vessel=Patient | | 3 | **hold in** | present | special blood vessels | the heat | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heat=Theme | | 4 | **help** | present | | Sharks *= shark* | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme | | 5 | **swim** | infinitive | Sharks *= shark* *not said here* | | | cold water | | fast *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in water=Trajectory | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bu…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/12/) - next →: [Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bu…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/)