--- title: Bull sharks can live in fresh water as well as the sea, because thei… — Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and ham… · tree and pragmatics description: Bull sharks can live in fresh water as well as the sea, because their kidneys and glands adjust to water without salt; bull sharks lived for years in a lake on a golf course in Australia after a flood. Who acts: Bull sharks, kidneys. A sentence of the lesson «Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bu…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/) / 16 # Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and hammerhead, sentence 16 Bull sharks can live in fresh water as well as the sea, because their kidneys and glands adjust to water without salt; bull sharks lived for years in a lake on a golf course in Australia after a flood. **Who acts:** Bull sharks, kidneys · **What happens:** live, adjust · **To what, where:** fresh water, water, lake This is a sentence of the lesson «Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and hammerhead» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bull sharks, kidneys), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead.lesson:16 # text = Bull sharks can live in fresh water as well as the sea, because their kidneys and glands adjust to water without salt; bull sharks lived for years in a lake on a golf course in Australia after a flood. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×4 1 Bull bull NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 2 sharks shark NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 3 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 live live VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 fresh fresh ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 8 as as ADV RB ExtPos=CCONJ 12 cc _ _ 9 well well ADV RB Degree=Pos 8 fixed _ _ 10 as as ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 conj _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 14 because because SCONJ IN _ 19 mark _ _ 15 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ _ 16 kidneys kidney NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 glands gland NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 conj _ _ 19 adjust adjust VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 advcl _ _ 20 to to ADP IN _ 21 case _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=21:mark|HaikuPos=PART:TO:_ 21 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=19:obj 22 without without ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 salt salt NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 24 ; ; PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 25 bull bull NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=26:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 26 sharks shark NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ _ 27 lived live VERB VBD Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 28 for for ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obl _ _ 30 in in ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 lake lake NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ _ 33 on on ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 34 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 35 golf golf NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 compound _ _ 36 course course NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nmod _ _ 37 in in ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 Australia Australia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 36 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=27:obl 39 after after ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 40 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 41 flood flood NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **live** | can | Bull sharks | | | fresh water as the sea | | | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in water=Location | | 2 | **adjust** | present | Sharks's kidneys and glands | | | | | to water *goal*; without salt | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent to water=Goal | | 3 | **live** | past | bull sharks | | | a lake on a golf course in Australia | after a flood; year | | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in lake=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×4. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bu…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/15/) - next →: [Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bu…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/)