--- title: Bull sharks are short, heavy and strong and live in warm, shallow, m… — Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and ham… · tree and pragmatics description: Bull sharks are short, heavy and strong and live in warm, shallow, murky coastal water near people, so they are among the sharks most often involved in bites; swimmers are told to avoid murky river mouths, especially at dawn and dusk. Who acts: Bull sharks, Sharks, swimmers. A sentence of the lesson --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bu…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/) / 17 # Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and hammerhead, sentence 17 Bull sharks are short, heavy and strong and live in warm, shallow, murky coastal water near people, so they are among the sharks most often involved in bites; swimmers are told to avoid murky river mouths, especially at dawn and dusk. **Who acts:** Bull sharks, Sharks, swimmers · **What happens:** be, live, tell, avoid · **To what, where:** warm shallow murky coastal water, swimmers, murky river mouths · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and hammerhead» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bull sharks, Sharks, swimmers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead.lesson:17 # text = Bull sharks are short, heavy and strong and live in warm, shallow, murky coastal water near people, so they are among the sharks most often involved in bites; swimmers are told to avoid murky river mouths, especially at dawn and dusk. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Bull bull NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 sharks shark NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 4 short short ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 6 heavy heavy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 conj _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 strong strong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 conj _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 live live VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 11 in in ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 12 warm warm ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 14 shallow shallow ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 16 murky murky ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 17 coastal coastal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obl _ _ 19 near near ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 nmod _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 22 so so ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 23 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ _ 24 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 cop _ _ 25 among among ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 sharks shark NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 parataxis _ _ 28 most most ADV RBS Degree=Sup 29 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=30:advmod 29 often often ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 30 involved involved ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 acl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=27:amod 31 in in ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 bites bite NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 obl _ _ 33 ; ; PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 34 swimmers swimmer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 nsubj:pass _ _ 35 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 36 aux:pass _ _ 36 told tell VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 27 conj _ _ 37 to to PART TO _ 38 mark _ _ 38 avoid avoid VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 36 xcomp _ _ 39 murky murky ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 amod _ _ 40 river river NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 compound _ _ 41 mouths mouth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 obj _ _ 42 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 43 especially especially ADV RB _ 45 advmod _ _ 44 at at ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 45 dawn dawn NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obl _ _ 46 and and CCONJ CC _ 47 cc _ _ 47 dusk dusk NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 conj _ _ 48 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | Bull sharks | | | | | short *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **be** | | Bull sharks *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **be** | | Bull sharks *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **live** | present | Bull sharks *not said here* | | | warm shallow murky coastal water near people | | | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in water=Location | | 5 | **is** | present | Sharks *= shark* | | | | | among the sharks | tree rules | | 6 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present · passive | | swimmers | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic | | 7 | **avoid** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | swimmers *not said here* | murky river mouths | | | dawn | | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent mouth=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead.lesson:17`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bu…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/16/) - next →: [Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bu…, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/18/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/)