--- title: Most sharks have five gill slits on each side, and a few kinds have… — Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and ham… · tree and pragmatics description: Most sharks have five gill slits on each side, and a few kinds have six or seven; great whites must keep swimming so water flows over their gills, while nurse sharks can rest and pump water over theirs. Who acts: Most sharks, few kinds, great whites, water. A sentence of the lesson «Sharks by kind: --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/20/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bu…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/) / 20 # Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and hammerhead, sentence 20 Most sharks have five gill slits on each side, and a few kinds have six or seven; great whites must keep swimming so water flows over their gills, while nurse sharks can rest and pump water over theirs. **Who acts:** Most sharks, few kinds, great whites, water, nurse sharks · **What happens:** have, keep, swim, flow, rest, pump · **To what, where:** five gill slits, side, six, gills, water This is a sentence of the lesson «Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bull and hammerhead» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Most sharks, few kinds, great whites, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead.lesson:20 # text = Most sharks have five gill slits on each side, and a few kinds have six or seven; great whites must keep swimming so water flows over their gills, while nurse sharks can rest and pump water over theirs. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1 1 Most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 2 amod _ _ 2 sharks shark NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 five five NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 6 nummod _ _ 5 gill gill NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 6 slits slit NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 7 on on ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 9 det _ _ 9 side side NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 12 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 13 few few ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 kinds kind NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 nsubj _ _ 15 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 16 six six NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 15 obj _ _ 17 or or CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 seven seven NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 16 conj _ _ 19 ; ; PUNCT : _ 23 punct _ _ 20 great great ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 whites white NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 22 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 23 aux _ _ 23 keep keep VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 parataxis _ _ 24 swimming swim VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 23 xcomp _ _ 25 so so ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 26 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 27 flows flow VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 advcl _ _ 28 over over ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ _ 30 gills gill NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obl _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 32 while while SCONJ IN _ 36 mark _ _ 33 nurse nurse NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 compound _ _ 34 sharks shark NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 nsubj _ _ 35 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 36 aux _ _ 36 rest rest VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 23 advcl _ _ 37 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=36:cc 38 pump pump VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 36 conj _ _ 39 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obj _ _ 40 over over ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 41 theirs their PRON PRP Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 38 obl _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Most sharks | five gill slits | | each side | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent slit=Patient | | 2 | **have** | present | a few kinds | six | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent six=Patient | | 3 | **keep** | must | great whites | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **swim** | gerund | great whites *not said here* | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **flow** | present | water | | | Sharks's gills | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over gill=Location | | 6 | **rest** | can | nurse sharks | | | | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **pump** | infinitive | nurse sharks *not said here* | water | | | | over Sharks *= shark* | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent water=Theme over their=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead.lesson:20`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Sharks by kind: great white, tiger, bu…, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/19/) - next →: [Sharks by kind, small and strange: wal…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/311-sharks-by-kind-small-and-strange-walking-sharks-wobbegongs-cookiecutters-and-goblin-sharks/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/310-sharks-by-kind-great-white-tiger-bull-and-hammerhead/)