--- title: Humpbacks have the longest flippers of any whale, about a third of t… — Whales by kind, the baleen whales: blue, fin, hu… · tree and pragmatics description: Humpbacks have the longest flippers of any whale, about a third of their body length, with a row of bumps on the front edge that helps them turn tightly; engineers have copied the bumps for fan and turbine blades. Who acts: Humpbacks, row, engineers. A sentence of the lesson «Whales by kind, the bal --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/312-whales-by-kind-the-baleen-whales-blue-fin-humpback-grey-right-and-minke/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Whales by kind, the baleen whales: blu…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/312-whales-by-kind-the-baleen-whales-blue-fin-humpback-grey-right-and-minke/) / 10 # Whales by kind, the baleen whales: blue, fin, humpback, grey, right and minke, sentence 10 Humpbacks have the longest flippers of any whale, about a third of their body length, with a row of bumps on the front edge that helps them turn tightly; engineers have copied the bumps for fan and turbine blades. **Who acts:** Humpbacks, row, engineers · **What happens:** have, help, turn, copy · **To what, where:** longest flippers, humpbacks, bumps This is a sentence of the lesson «Whales by kind, the baleen whales: blue, fin, humpback, grey, right and minke» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Humpbacks, row, engineers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:312-whales-by-kind-the-baleen-whales-blue-fin-humpback-grey-right-and-minke.lesson:10 # text = Humpbacks have the longest flippers of any whale, about a third of their body length, with a row of bumps on the front edge that helps them turn tightly; engineers have copied the bumps for fan and turbine blades. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 312-whales-by-kind-the-baleen-whales-blue-fin-humpback-grey-right-and-minke.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3 1 Humpbacks humpback NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 longest long ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 5 amod _ _ 5 flippers flipper NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 8 det _ _ 8 whale whale NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 10 about about ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 11 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=16:det 12 third third ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 16 amod _ _ 13 of of ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 14 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ _ 15 body body NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 compound _ _ 16 length length NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 appos _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 18 with with ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 row row NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 appos _ _ 21 of of ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 bumps bump NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nmod _ _ 23 on on ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 25 front front ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 edge edge NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nmod _ _ 27 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 28 nsubj _ _ 28 helps help VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 acl:relcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=26:acl:relcl 29 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 obj _ _ 30 turn turn VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 28 xcomp _ _ 31 tightly tightly ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 32 ; ; PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 33 engineers engineer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 nsubj _ _ 34 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 35 aux _ _ 35 copied copy VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 28 conj _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 bumps bump NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 obj _ _ 38 for for ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 39 fan fan NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 compound _ _ 40 and and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 41 turbine turbine NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 conj _ _ 42 blades blade NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=37:nmod 43 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Humpbacks | the longest flippers of any whale | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flipper=Patient | | 2 | **help** | present | a row of bumps | humpbacks *= humpback* | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme | | 3 | **turn** | infinitive | humpbacks *= humpback* *not said here* | | | | | tightly *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **copy** | present · perfect | engineers | the bumps | | | | for fan blades | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bump=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:312-whales-by-kind-the-baleen-whales-blue-fin-humpback-grey-right-and-minke.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Whales by kind, the baleen whales: blu…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/312-whales-by-kind-the-baleen-whales-blue-fin-humpback-grey-right-and-minke/9/) - next →: [Whales by kind, the baleen whales: blu…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/312-whales-by-kind-the-baleen-whales-blue-fin-humpback-grey-right-and-minke/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/312-whales-by-kind-the-baleen-whales-blue-fin-humpback-grey-right-and-minke/)