--- title: Sperm whales nap upright near the surface for short spells, often ab… — Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sperm whale,… · tree and pragmatics description: Sperm whales nap upright near the surface for short spells, often about a quarter of an hour; in 2008 scientists drifted into a group of sleeping sperm whales that did not wake. Who acts: Sperm whales, scientists, sleeping sperm whales. A sentence of the lesson «Whales by kind, the toothed whales: s --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sp…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales/) / 7 # Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sperm whale, orca, beluga and beaked whales, sentence 7 Sperm whales nap upright near the surface for short spells, often about a quarter of an hour; in 2008 scientists drifted into a group of sleeping sperm whales that did not wake. **Who acts:** Sperm whales, scientists, sleeping sperm whales · **What happens:** nap, drift, not wake · **To what, where:** surface, 2008 This is a sentence of the lesson «Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sperm whale, orca, beluga and beaked whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sperm whales, scientists, sleeping sperm whales), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales.lesson:7 # text = Sperm whales nap upright near the surface for short spells, often about a quarter of an hour; in 2008 scientists drifted into a group of sleeping sperm whales that did not wake. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Sperm sperm NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 whales whale NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 nap nap VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 upright upright ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 5 near near ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 surface surface NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 8 for for ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 short short ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 spells spell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 12 often often ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 13 about about ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=15:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 14 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 quarter quarter NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 conj _ _ 16 of of ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 hour hour NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nmod _ _ 19 ; ; PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 20 in in ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 2008 2008 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 23 obl _ _ 22 scientists scientist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 23 drifted drift VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:parataxis|HaikuPos=VERB:VBN:Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 24 into into ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 group group NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 27 of of ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 28 sleeping sleeping ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 29 sperm sperm NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 compound _ _ 30 whales whale NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nmod _ _ 31 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 34 nsubj _ _ 32 did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 34 aux _ _ 33 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 34 advmod _ _ 34 wake wake VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 30 acl:relcl _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **nap** | present | Sperm whales | | | the surface | | for short spells and a quarter of a hour; upright *property* | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **drift** | past | scientists | | | 2008 | | into a group of sleeping sperm whales | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme in 2008=Source into group=Trajectory | | 3 | **not** **wake** | past · do-support | sleeping sperm whales | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sp…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales/6/) - next →: [Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sp…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales/)