--- title: A sperm whale has about 40 to 52 big teeth, all in the lower jaw, wh… — Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sperm whale,… · tree and pragmatics description: A sperm whale has about 40 to 52 big teeth, all in the lower jaw, which fit into sockets in the upper jaw; because they swallow squid whole, what the teeth are for is still argued. Who acts: sperm whale, 52 big teeth, whales. A sentence of the lesson «Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sperm whale, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sp…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales/) / 8 # Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sperm whale, orca, beluga and beaked whales, sentence 8 A sperm whale has about 40 to 52 big teeth, all in the lower jaw, which fit into sockets in the upper jaw; because they swallow squid whole, what the teeth are for is still argued. **Who acts:** sperm whale, 52 big teeth, whales · **What happens:** have, fit, swallow, argue · **To what, where:** 40, lower jaw, sockets, squid This is a sentence of the lesson «Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sperm whale, orca, beluga and beaked whales» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sperm whale, 52 big teeth, whales), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales.lesson:8 # text = A sperm whale has about 40 to 52 big teeth, all in the lower jaw, which fit into sockets in the upper jaw; because they swallow squid whole, what the teeth are for is still argued. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 sperm sperm NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 whale whale NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 about about ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 6 40 40 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 4 obj _ _ 7 to to ADP IN _ 8 case _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=10:case 8 52 52 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 10 nummod _ _ 9 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 teeth tooth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:nmod 11 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 12 all all ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 13 in in ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 15 lower low ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 16 amod _ _ 16 jaw jaw NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 18 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 19 nsubj _ _ 19 fit fit VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 acl:relcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=16:acl:relcl 20 into into ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 sockets socket NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obl _ _ 22 in in ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 24 upper upper ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 jaw jaw NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 26 ; ; PUNCT : _ 29 punct _ _ 27 because because SCONJ IN _ 29 mark _ _ 28 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 29 swallow swallow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 advcl _ _ 30 squid squid NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obj _ _ 31 whole whole ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 xcomp _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 33 what what PRON WP PronType=Rel 40 nsubj:pass _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 teeth tooth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 nsubj:pass _ _ 36 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 40 aux:pass _ _ 37 for for SCONJ IN _ 40 mark _ _ 38 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 40 aux:pass _ _ 39 still still ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ _ 40 argued argue VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 parataxis _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=assert | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | a sperm whale | 40 | | the lower jaw | | | tree rules | | 2 | **fit** | present | 52 big teeth | | | sockets | | in the upper jaw | vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent into socket=Destination | | 3 | **swallow** | present | whales *= whale* | squid | | | | whole *property* | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent squid=Patient | | 4 | **argue** *speech: disagree* | present · passive | | | | | still | | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sp…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales/7/) - next →: [Whales by kind, the toothed whales: sp…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/313-whales-by-kind-the-toothed-whales-sperm-whale-orca-beluga-and-beaked-whales/)