---
title: Bats hang by their feet with tendons that lock their toes shut, so h… — Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, t… · tree and pragmatics
description: Bats hang by their feet with tendons that lock their toes shut, so hanging takes no effort, and they drop into the air to take off because their legs are too weak to run into flight. Who acts: Bats, tendons, legs. A sentence of the lesson «Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, the bumblebee
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers/17/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampi…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers/) / 17

# Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, the bumblebee bat and tent-makers, sentence 17

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bats hang by their feet with tendons that lock their toes shut, so hanging takes no effort, and they drop into the air to take off because their legs are too weak to run into flight.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Bats, tendons, legs · **What happens:** hang, lock, take, drop, take off, be · **To what, where:** toes, effort, air, flight

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, the bumblebee bat and tent-makers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bats, tendons, legs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers.lesson:17
# text = Bats hang by their feet with tendons that lock their toes shut, so hanging takes no effort, and they drop into the air to take off because their legs are too weak to run into flight.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hang	hang	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	tendons	tendon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:nmod
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	lock	lock	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	toes	toe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	shut	shut	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	so	so	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
15	hanging	hang	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	nsubj	_	_
16	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
17	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	18	det	_	_
18	effort	effort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	drop	drop	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
23	into	into	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
27	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	advcl	_	_
28	off	off	ADP	RP	_	27	compound:prt	_	_
29	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	34	mark	_	_
30	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	nsubj	_	_
32	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	cop	_	_
33	too	too	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
34	weak	weak	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	advcl	_	_
35	to	to	PART	TO	_	36	mark	_	_
36	run	run	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	34	advcl	_	_
37	into	into	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	flight	flight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	_
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hang** | present | Bats |  |  |  |  | by Bats's feet; with tendons | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by foot=Location |
| 2 | **lock** | present | tendons | Bats's toes |  |  |  | shut *property* | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toe=Patient |
| 3 | **hang** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **take** | present |  | no effort |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effort=Theme |
| 5 | **drop** | present | Bats *= bat* |  |  | the air |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into air=Trajectory |
| 6 | **take off** | to-infinitive | Bats *= bat* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **is** | present | Bats's legs |  |  |  |  | weak *property* | tree rules |
| 8 | **run** | to-infinitive | Bats's legs *not said here* |  |  |  |  | into flight *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into flight=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers.lesson:17`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampi…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers/16/)
- next →: [Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampi…, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers/18/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers/)