--- title: There are more than 1,400 kinds, about one in five of all mammal kin… — Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, t… · tree and pragmatics description: There are more than 1,400 kinds, about one in five of all mammal kinds, from flying foxes with wings as wide as a grown-up's arms to a bat as light as two paper clips. Who acts: 1,400 kinds. A sentence of the lesson «Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, the bumblebee bat and tent-makers» o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampi…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers/) / 2 # Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, the bumblebee bat and tent-makers, sentence 2 There are more than 1,400 kinds, about one in five of all mammal kinds, from flying foxes with wings as wide as a grown-up's arms to a bat as light as two paper clips. **Who acts:** 1,400 kinds · **What happens:** be, fly, grow · **To what, where:** light This is a sentence of the lesson «Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, the bumblebee bat and tent-makers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (1,400 kinds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers.lesson:2 # text = There are more than 1,400 kinds, about one in five of all mammal kinds, from flying foxes with wings as wide as a grown-up's arms to a bat as light as two paper clips. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 There there PRON EX PronType=Dem 2 expl _ _ 2 are be VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV 5 advmod _ _ 4 than than ADP IN _ 3 fixed _ _ 5 1,400 1,400 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 6 nummod _ _ 6 kinds kind NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 8 about about ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 9 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 11 compound _ _ 10 in in ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 five five NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 6 appos _ _ 12 of of ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 13 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 15 det _ _ 14 mammal mammal NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 compound _ _ 15 kinds kind NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nmod _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 17 from from SCONJ IN _ 19 mark _ _ 18 flying fly VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 19 amod _ _ 19 foxes fox NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nmod _ _ 20 with with ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 wings wing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nmod _ _ 22 as as ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 23 wide wide ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=30:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 24 as as ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 25 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 26 grown grow VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 28 amod _ _ 27 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 26 punct _ _ 28 up up NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 nmod:poss _ _ 29 's 's PART POS _ 28 case _ _ 30 arms arm NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=18:obj 31 to to ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 bat bat NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 nmod _ _ 34 as as ADV RB _ 35 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=35:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 35 light light ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 obl _ _ 36 as as ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 37 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 39 nummod _ _ 38 paper paper NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 compound _ _ 39 clips clip NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=35:nmod 40 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **does** | present | 1,400 kinds flying foxes with wings | | | there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **fly** | gerund | | light | | | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **grow** | participle | | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampi…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers/1/) - next →: [Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampi…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers/)