---
title: A bat sleeps all day upside down without effort, because its toes lo… — Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, t… · tree and pragmatics
description: A bat sleeps all day upside down without effort, because its toes lock shut on their own. Who acts: bat, toes. A sentence of the lesson «Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, the bumblebee bat and tent-makers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the p
---

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# Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, the bumblebee bat and tent-makers, sentence 6

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A bat sleeps all day upside down without effort, because its toes lock shut on their own.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** bat, toes · **What happens:** sleep, lock

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, the bumblebee bat and tent-makers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bat, toes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers.lesson:6
# text = A bat sleeps all day upside down without effort, because its toes lock shut on their own.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bat	bat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sleeps	sleep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	upside	upside	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:advmod|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing
7	down	down	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	without	without	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	effort	effort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
12	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	toes	toe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	lock	lock	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
15	shut	shut	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	xcomp	_	_
16	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	obl	_	_
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep** | present | a bat |  |  |  | day | without effort; upside *property* | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **lock** | present | effort's toes |  |  |  |  | on Bats's own; shut *property* | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle PP»: agent=Patient on own=Co-Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers.lesson:6`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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