--- title: Flying foxes are big fruit bats with wings up to about 1.5 metres ac… — Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, t… · tree and pragmatics description: Flying foxes are big fruit bats with wings up to about 1.5 metres across; they find fruit and nectar with good eyes and noses, not echoes, and spread seeds and pollen across forests. Who acts: Flying foxes, Bats. A sentence of the lesson «Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, the bumblebee --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampi…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers/) / 7 # Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, the bumblebee bat and tent-makers, sentence 7 Flying foxes are big fruit bats with wings up to about 1.5 metres across; they find fruit and nectar with good eyes and noses, not echoes, and spread seeds and pollen across forests. **Who acts:** Flying foxes, Bats · **What happens:** fly, be, find, spread · **To what, where:** big fruit bats, fruit, seeds, forests This is a sentence of the lesson «Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampire bats, the bumblebee bat and tent-makers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Flying foxes, Bats), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers.lesson:7 # text = Flying foxes are big fruit bats with wings up to about 1.5 metres across; they find fruit and nectar with good eyes and noses, not echoes, and spread seeds and pollen across forests. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×2 1 Flying fly VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 2 compound _ _ 2 foxes fox NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 4 big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 5 fruit fruit NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 6 bats bat NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 7 with with ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 wings wing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nmod _ _ 9 up up ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 10 to to ADP IN _ 9 fixed _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=13:case 11 about about ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 12 1.5 1.5 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Frac 13 nummod _ _ 13 metres metre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nmod _ _ 14 across across ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 16 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 17 find find VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 18 fruit fruit NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 nectar nectar NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 conj _ _ 21 with with ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 good good ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 eyes eye NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=18:nmod 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 25 noses nose NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 conj _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 27 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 28 advmod _ _ 28 echoes echo NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 conj _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=17:cc 31 spread spread VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 conj _ _ 32 seeds seed NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obj _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 34 pollen pollen NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 conj _ _ 35 across across ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 forests forest NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obl _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **fly** | gerund | | | | | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **is a** | present | Flying foxes | big fruit bats | | | | with wings up 1.5 metres | tree rules | | 3 | **find** | present | Bats *= bat* | fruit and nectar | | | | with good eyes and noses and echoes | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fruit=Topic | | 4 | **spread** | present | Bats *= bat* *not said here* | seeds and pollen | | forests | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location seed=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampi…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers/6/) - next →: [Bats of the world: flying foxes, vampi…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/314-bats-of-the-world-flying-foxes-vampire-bats-the-bumblebee-bat-and-tent-makers/)