--- title: In the 1990s scientists noticed some pipistrelles called at a higher… — Bats near home: pipistrelles, noctules, bat boxe… · tree and pragmatics description: In the 1990s scientists noticed some pipistrelles called at a higher pitch than others; studies showed they were two kinds, the common and the soprano pipistrelle. Who acts: scientists, studies. A sentence of the lesson «Bats near home: pipistrelles, noctules, bat boxes and why never to pick one up» --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/315-bats-near-home-pipistrelles-noctules-bat-boxes-and-why-never-to-pick-one-up/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Bats near home: pipistrelles, noctules…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/315-bats-near-home-pipistrelles-noctules-bat-boxes-and-why-never-to-pick-one-up/) / 8 # Bats near home: pipistrelles, noctules, bat boxes and why never to pick one up, sentence 8 In the 1990s scientists noticed some pipistrelles called at a higher pitch than others; studies showed they were two kinds, the common and the soprano pipistrelle. **Who acts:** scientists, studies · **What happens:** notice, call, show, be · **To what, where:** pipistrelles, 1990s, two kinds · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Bats near home: pipistrelles, noctules, bat boxes and why never to pick one up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (scientists, studies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:315-bats-near-home-pipistrelles-noctules-bat-boxes-and-why-never-to-pick-one-up.lesson:8 # text = In the 1990s scientists noticed some pipistrelles called at a higher pitch than others; studies showed they were two kinds, the common and the soprano pipistrelle. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 315-bats-near-home-pipistrelles-noctules-bat-boxes-and-why-never-to-pick-one-up.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1 1 In in ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 1990s 1990s NOUN NNS Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card 5 obl _ _ 4 scientists scientist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 5 noticed notice VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 parataxis _ _ 6 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 7 det _ _ 7 pipistrelles pipistrelle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ 8 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 7 acl _ _ 9 at at ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 11 higher high ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 12 amod _ _ 12 pitch pitch NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 13 than than ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 others other NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 nmod _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 16 studies study NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ _ 17 showed show VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 18 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ _ 19 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 cop _ _ 20 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 21 nummod _ _ 21 kinds kind NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 ccomp _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 common common ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 appos _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 27 soprano soprano NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 compound _ _ 28 pipistrelle pipistrelle NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 conj _ _ 29 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=17:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **notice** | past | scientists | some pipistrelles | | the 1990s | | | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer pipistrelle=Stimulus | | 2 | **call** | participle | | some pipistrelles *not said here* | | | | at a higher pitch than others | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Agent at pitch=Stimulus | | 3 | **show** | past | studies | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **is a** | past | studies *= study* | two kinds | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:315-bats-near-home-pipistrelles-noctules-bat-boxes-and-why-never-to-pick-one-up.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Bats near home: pipistrelles, noctules…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/315-bats-near-home-pipistrelles-noctules-bat-boxes-and-why-never-to-pick-one-up/7/) - next →: [Bats near home: pipistrelles, noctules…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/315-bats-near-home-pipistrelles-noctules-bat-boxes-and-why-never-to-pick-one-up/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/315-bats-near-home-pipistrelles-noctules-bat-boxes-and-why-never-to-pick-one-up/)