---
title: The noctule is one of Britain's biggest bats; it flies high and fast… — Bats near home: pipistrelles, noctules, bat boxe… · tree and pragmatics
description: The noctule is one of Britain's biggest bats; it flies high and fast over the treetops, often before it is fully dark, roosts in old woodpecker holes, and its calls are low enough that some children can hear them. Who acts: noctule, calls, children, bat. A sentence of the lesson «Bats near home: pip
---

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# Bats near home: pipistrelles, noctules, bat boxes and why never to pick one up, sentence 9

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The noctule is one of Britain's biggest bats; it flies high and fast over the treetops, often before it is fully dark, roosts in old woodpecker holes, and its calls are low enough that some children can hear them.

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**Who acts:** noctule, calls, children, bat · **What happens:** be, fly, roost, hear, call · **To what, where:** one, treetops, old woodpecker holes, calls · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Bats near home: pipistrelles, noctules, bat boxes and why never to pick one up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (noctule, calls, children, bat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:315-bats-near-home-pipistrelles-noctules-bat-boxes-and-why-never-to-pick-one-up.lesson:9
# text = The noctule is one of Britain's biggest bats; it flies high and fast over the treetops, often before it is fully dark, roosts in old woodpecker holes, and its calls are low enough that some children can hear them.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 315-bats-near-home-pipistrelles-noctules-bat-boxes-and-why-never-to-pick-one-up.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	noctule	noctule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	_
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	biggest	big	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	amod	_	_
9	bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	flies	fly	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
13	high	high	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	12	advmod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	_
16	over	over	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	treetops	treetop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
20	often	often	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
21	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	cop	_	_
24	fully	fully	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	parataxis	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	roosts	roost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
30	woodpecker	woodpecker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	compound	_	_
31	holes	hole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obl	_	_
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
34	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	35	nmod:poss	_	_
35	calls	call	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	nsubj	_	_
36	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	38	cop	_	_
37	low	low	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	38	advmod	_	_
38	enough	enough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	conj	_	_
39	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	43	mark	_	_
40	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	41	det	_	_
41	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	nsubj	_	_
42	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	43	aux	_	_
43	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	38	advcl	_	_
44	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	43	obj	_	_
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the noctule | one |  |  |  | of Britain's biggest bats | tree rules |
| 2 | **fly** | present | noctule |  |  | the treetops |  | high *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over treetop=Location |
| 3 | **is** | present | noctule |  |  |  |  | dark, fully, often *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **roost** | present | noctule *not said here* |  |  | old woodpecker holes |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in hole=Location |
| 5 | **is** | present | bat's calls |  |  |  |  | enough, low *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **hear** | can | some children | calls *= call* |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus |
| 7 | **call** |  | bat |  |  |  |  |  | nom call «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:315-bats-near-home-pipistrelles-noctules-bat-boxes-and-why-never-to-pick-one-up.lesson:9`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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