--- title: African crested porcupines rattle hollow tail quills as a warning be… — Rodents of every kind: squirrels, marmots, prair… · tree and pragmatics description: African crested porcupines rattle hollow tail quills as a warning before they ever charge; they live on the ground, while American porcupines climb trees and some have gripping tails. Who acts: African crested porcupines, Porcupines, American porcupines, some. A sentence of the lesson «Rodents of ev --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/317-rodents-of-every-kind-squirrels-marmots-prairie-dogs-porcupines-chinchillas-and-dormice/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Rodents of every kind: squirrels, marm…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/317-rodents-of-every-kind-squirrels-marmots-prairie-dogs-porcupines-chinchillas-and-dormice/) / 13 # Rodents of every kind: squirrels, marmots, prairie dogs, porcupines, chinchillas and dormice, sentence 13 African crested porcupines rattle hollow tail quills as a warning before they ever charge; they live on the ground, while American porcupines climb trees and some have gripping tails. **Who acts:** African crested porcupines, Porcupines, American porcupines, some · **What happens:** crest, rattle, charge, live, climb, have · **To what, where:** hollow tail quills, ground, trees, gripping tails This is a sentence of the lesson «Rodents of every kind: squirrels, marmots, prairie dogs, porcupines, chinchillas and dormice» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (African crested porcupines, Porcupines, American porcupines, some), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:317-rodents-of-every-kind-squirrels-marmots-prairie-dogs-porcupines-chinchillas-and-dormice.lesson:13 # text = African crested porcupines rattle hollow tail quills as a warning before they ever charge; they live on the ground, while American porcupines climb trees and some have gripping tails. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 317-rodents-of-every-kind-squirrels-marmots-prairie-dogs-porcupines-chinchillas-and-dormice.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4 1 African African ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 2 crested crest VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 amod _ _ 3 porcupines porcupine NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 4 rattle rattle VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 hollow hollow ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 6 tail tail NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 quills quill NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 8 as as ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 warning warning NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 11 before before SCONJ IN _ 14 mark _ _ 12 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ _ 13 ever ever ADV RB PronType=Ind 14 advmod _ _ 14 charge charge VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 advcl _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 16 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 17 live live VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ _ 18 on on ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 22 while while SCONJ IN _ 25 mark _ _ 23 American American ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 24 porcupines porcupine NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nsubj _ _ 25 climb climb VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=14:conj 26 trees tree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obj _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 28 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 29 nsubj _ _ 29 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=14:conj 30 gripping grip VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 31 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=29:xcomp 31 tails tail NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=30:obj 32 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **crest** | participle | | | | | | | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **rattle** | present | African crested porcupines | hollow tail quills | | | | as a warning | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent quill=Theme | | 3 | **charge** | present | Porcupines *= porcupine* | | | | ever | | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **live** | present | Porcupines *= porcupine* | | | the ground | | | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on ground=Location | | 5 | **climb** | present | American porcupines | trees | | | | | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location tree=Theme | | 6 | **have** | present | some | gripping tails | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tail=Patient | | 7 | **grip** | gerund | | | | | | | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:317-rodents-of-every-kind-squirrels-marmots-prairie-dogs-porcupines-chinchillas-and-dormice.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Rodents of every kind: squirrels, marm…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/317-rodents-of-every-kind-squirrels-marmots-prairie-dogs-porcupines-chinchillas-and-dormice/12/) - next →: [Rodents of every kind: squirrels, marm…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/317-rodents-of-every-kind-squirrels-marmots-prairie-dogs-porcupines-chinchillas-and-dormice/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/317-rodents-of-every-kind-squirrels-marmots-prairie-dogs-porcupines-chinchillas-and-dormice/)