--- title: The polar bear is the most meat-eating bear, hunting seals on the se… — Bears by kind: the eight bears of the world · tree and pragmatics description: The polar bear is the most meat-eating bear, hunting seals on the sea ice and waiting at breathing holes because seals must come up for air; as the sea ice melts, polar bears must swim further and go hungry longer. Who acts: polar bear, meat eating bear, seals, sea ice. A sentence of the lesson «Bea --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/319-bears-by-kind-the-eight-bears-of-the-world/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Bears by kind: the eight bears of the…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/319-bears-by-kind-the-eight-bears-of-the-world/) / 8 # Bears by kind: the eight bears of the world, sentence 8 The polar bear is the most meat-eating bear, hunting seals on the sea ice and waiting at breathing holes because seals must come up for air; as the sea ice melts, polar bears must swim further and go hungry longer. **Who acts:** polar bear, meat eating bear, seals, sea ice, polar bears · **What happens:** eat, be, hunt, wait, come up, melt · **To what, where:** meat eating bear, seals, sea ice, breathing holes This is a sentence of the lesson «Bears by kind: the eight bears of the world» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (polar bear, meat eating bear, seals, sea ice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:319-bears-by-kind-the-eight-bears-of-the-world.lesson:8 # text = The polar bear is the most meat-eating bear, hunting seals on the sea ice and waiting at breathing holes because seals must come up for air; as the sea ice melts, polar bears must swim further and go hungry longer. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 319-bears-by-kind-the-eight-bears-of-the-world.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 polar polar ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 bear bear NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 4 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 cop _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 6 most most ADV RBS Degree=Sup 10 advmod _ _ 7 meat meat NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 compound _ _ 8 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 7 punct _ _ 9 eating eat VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 10 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=10:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 10 bear bear NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 12 hunting hunt VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 10 acl _ _ 13 seals seal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obj _ _ 14 on on ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 16 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 compound _ _ 17 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nmod _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 19 waiting wait VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 12 conj _ _ 20 at at ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 breathing breathe ADJ JJ _ 22 amod _ _ 22 holes hole NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obl _ _ 23 because because SCONJ IN _ 26 mark _ _ 24 seals seal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 nsubj _ _ 25 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 26 aux _ _ 26 come come VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 19 advcl _ _ 27 up up ADP RP _ 26 compound:prt _ _ 28 for for ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 30 ; ; PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 31 as as SCONJ IN _ 35 mark _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=35:det 33 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 compound _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=35:compound 34 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 nsubj _ _ 35 melts melt VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 40 advcl _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 37 polar polar ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 amod _ _ 38 bears bear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 nsubj _ _ 39 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 40 aux _ _ 40 swim swim VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 10 parataxis _ _ 41 further far ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 40 advmod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=40:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 42 and and CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ _ 43 go go VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 40 conj _ _ 44 hungry hungry ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 43 xcomp _ _ 45 longer long ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 43 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=44:advmod 46 . . PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=40:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **eat** | gerund | | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **is a** | present | the polar bear | the meat eating bear | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **hunt** | gerund | the meat eating bear *not said here* | seals | | the sea ice | | | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent seal=Theme on ice=Location | | 4 | **wait** | gerund | the meat eating bear *not said here* | | | breathing holes | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at hole=Location | | 5 | **come up** | must | seals | | | | | for air | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **melt** | present | the sea ice | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 7 | **swim** | must | polar bears | | | | | far *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 8 | **go** | infinitive | polar bears *not said here* | | | | | hungry, long *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:319-bears-by-kind-the-eight-bears-of-the-world.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Bears by kind: the eight bears of the…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/319-bears-by-kind-the-eight-bears-of-the-world/7/) - next →: [Bears by kind: the eight bears of the…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/319-bears-by-kind-the-eight-bears-of-the-world/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/319-bears-by-kind-the-eight-bears-of-the-world/)