--- title: Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders are amphibians, which means «dou… — Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders · tree and pragmatics description: Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders are amphibians, which means «double life»: most start life in water and later live partly on land. Who acts: Frogs, amphibians, most. A sentence of the lesson «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/0/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/) / 0 # Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, sentence 0 Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders are amphibians, which means «double life»: most start life in water and later live partly on land. **Who acts:** Frogs, amphibians, most · **What happens:** be, mean, start, live · **To what, where:** amphibians, double life, land This is a sentence of the lesson «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Frogs, amphibians, most), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson:0 # text = Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders are amphibians, which means «double life»: most start life in water and later live partly on land. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 Frogs frog NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nsubj _ _ 2 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 3 toads toad NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 conj _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 5 newts newt NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 conj _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 salamanders salamander NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 conj _ _ 8 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 cop _ _ 9 amphibians amphibian NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 12 nsubj _ _ 12 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 acl:relcl _ _ 13 « « PUNCT `` _ 15 punct _ _ 14 double double ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 life life NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 16 » » PUNCT '' _ 15 punct _ _ 17 : : PUNCT : _ 20 punct _ _ 18 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 19 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=20:amod 19 start start NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 compound _ _ 20 life life NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 21 in in ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 24 later late ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 25 advmod _ _ 25 live live VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 conj _ _ 26 partly partly ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 27 on on ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 29 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Frogs and toads and newts and salamanders | amphibians | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **mean** | present | amphibians | double life | | | | start life *obl* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Topic | | 3 | **start** | | most | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **live** | present | amphibians *not said here* | | | land | | late, partly *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on land=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson:0`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Turtles and tortoises, 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/31-turtles-and-tortoises/20/) - next →: [Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/1/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/)