--- title: A frog swallows prey whole and pulls its eyeballs down into its head… — Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders · tree and pragmatics description: A frog swallows prey whole and pulls its eyeballs down into its head to help push the food down its throat. Who acts: frog. A sentence of the lesson «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/) / 10 # Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, sentence 10 A frog swallows prey whole and pulls its eyeballs down into its head to help push the food down its throat. **Who acts:** frog · **What happens:** swallow, pull down, help, push down · **To what, where:** prey, eyeballs, head, food This is a sentence of the lesson «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (frog), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson:10 # text = A frog swallows prey whole and pulls its eyeballs down into its head to help push the food down its throat. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 frog frog NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 swallows swallow VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 prey prey NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 5 whole whole ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 xcomp _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:amod 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=3:cc 7 pulls pull VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 8 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ _ 9 eyeballs eyeball NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obj _ _ 10 down down ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ 11 into into ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ _ 13 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 14 to to PART TO _ 15 mark _ _ 15 help help VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:advcl 16 push push VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 xcomp _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 19 down down PART RP _ 16 compound:prt _ _ 20 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ _ 21 throat throat NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=16:obj 22 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **swallow** | present | a frog | prey | | | | whole *property* | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Patient | | 2 | **pull down** | present | a frog *not said here* | prey's eyeballs | | prey's head | | down *property* | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eyeball=Theme | | 3 | **help** | to-infinitive | a frog *not said here* | | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 4 | **push down** | infinitive | a frog *not said here* | the food | | | | prey's throat *obl* | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/9/) - next →: [Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/)